path: root/wx+/graph.cpp

// *****************************************************************************
// * This file is part of the FreeFileSync project. It is distributed under    *
// * GNU General Public License: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0          *
// * Copyright (C) Zenju (zenju AT freefilesync DOT org) - All Rights Reserved *
// *****************************************************************************

#include "graph.h"
#include <cassert>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <zen/basic_math.h>
#include <zen/scope_guard.h>
#include <zen/perf.h>

using namespace zen;


//todo: support zoom via mouse wheel?

namespace zen
{
wxDEFINE_EVENT(EVENT_GRAPH_SELECTION, GraphSelectEvent);
}


double zen::nextNiceNumber(double blockSize) //round to next number which is a convenient to read block size
{
    if (blockSize <= 0)
        return 0;

    const double k = std::floor(std::log10(blockSize));
    const double e = std::pow(10, k);
    if (numeric::isNull(e))
        return 0;
    const double a = blockSize / e; //blockSize = a * 10^k with a in [1, 10)
    assert(1 <= a && a < 10);

    //have a look at leading two digits: "nice" numbers start with 1, 2, 2.5 and 5
    const double steps[] = {1, 2, 2.5, 5, 10};
    return e * numeric::roundToGrid(a, std::begin(steps), std::end(steps));
}


namespace
{
wxColor getDefaultColor(size_t pos)
{
    switch (pos % 10)
    {
        //*INDENT-OFF*
        case 0: return {  0,  69, 134}; //blue
        case 1: return {255,  66,  14}; //red
        case 2: return {255, 211,  32}; //yellow
        case 3: return { 87, 157,  28}; //green
        case 4: return {126,   0,  33}; //royal
        case 5: return {131, 202, 255}; //light blue
        case 6: return { 49,  64,   4}; //dark green
        case 7: return {174, 207,   0}; //light green
        case 8: return { 75,  31, 111}; //purple
        case 9: return {255, 149,  14}; //orange
        //*INDENT-ON*
    }
    assert(false);
    return *wxBLACK;
}


class ConvertCoord //convert between screen and input data coordinates
{
public:
    ConvertCoord(double valMin, double valMax, size_t screenSize) :
        min_(valMin),
        scaleToReal_(screenSize == 0 ? 0 : (valMax - valMin) / screenSize),
        scaleToScr_(numeric::isNull((valMax - valMin)) ? 0 : screenSize / (valMax - valMin)),
        outOfBoundsLow_ (-1 * scaleToReal_ + valMin),
        outOfBoundsHigh_((screenSize + 1) * scaleToReal_ + valMin) { if (outOfBoundsLow_ > outOfBoundsHigh_) std::swap(outOfBoundsLow_, outOfBoundsHigh_); }

    double screenToReal(double screenPos) const //map [0, screenSize] -> [valMin, valMax]
    {
        return screenPos * scaleToReal_ + min_;
    }
    double realToScreen(double realPos) const //return screen position in pixel (but with double precision!)
    {
        return (realPos - min_) * scaleToScr_;
    }
    int realToScreenRound(double realPos) const //returns -1 and screenSize + 1 if out of bounds!
    {
        //catch large double values: if double is larger than what int can represent => undefined behavior!
        realPos = std::clamp(realPos, outOfBoundsLow_, outOfBoundsHigh_);
        return std::round(realToScreen(realPos));
    }

private:
    const double min_;
    const double scaleToReal_;
    const double scaleToScr_;

    double outOfBoundsLow_;
    double outOfBoundsHigh_;
};


//enlarge value range to display to a multiple of a "useful" block size
//returns block cound
int widenRange(double& valMin, double& valMax, //in/out
               int graphAreaSize,      //in pixel
               int optimalBlockSizePx, //
               const LabelFormatter& labelFmt)
{
    if (graphAreaSize <= 0) return 0;

    const double minValRangePerBlock      = (valMax - valMin) / graphAreaSize;
    const double proposedValRangePerBlock = (valMax - valMin) * optimalBlockSizePx / graphAreaSize;
    double valRangePerBlock = labelFmt.getOptimalBlockSize(proposedValRangePerBlock);
    assert(numeric::isNull(proposedValRangePerBlock) || valRangePerBlock > minValRangePerBlock);

    if (numeric::isNull(valRangePerBlock)) //valMin == valMax or strange "optimal block size"
        return 1;

    //don't allow sub-pixel blocks! => avoid erroneously high GDI render work load!
    if (valRangePerBlock < minValRangePerBlock)
        valRangePerBlock = std::ceil(minValRangePerBlock / valRangePerBlock) * valRangePerBlock;

    double blockMin = std::floor(valMin / valRangePerBlock); //store as double, not int: truncation possible, e.g. if valRangePerBlock == 1
    double blockMax = std::ceil (valMax / valRangePerBlock); //
    int blockCount = std::round(blockMax - blockMin);
    assert(blockCount >= 0);

    //handle valMin == valMax == integer
    if (blockCount <= 0)
    {
        ++blockMax;
        blockCount = 1;
    }

    valMin = blockMin * valRangePerBlock;
    valMax = blockMax * valRangePerBlock;
    return blockCount;
}


void drawXLabel(wxDC& dc, double xMin, double xMax, int blockCount, const ConvertCoord& cvrtX, const wxRect& graphArea, const wxRect& labelArea, const LabelFormatter& labelFmt)
{
    assert(graphArea.width == labelArea.width && graphArea.x == labelArea.x);
    if (blockCount <= 0)
        return;

    wxDCPenChanger dummy(dc, wxPen(wxColor(192, 192, 192), fastFromDIP(1))); //light grey => not accessible! but no big deal...
    wxDCTextColourChanger textColor(dc, wxSystemSettings::GetColour(wxSYS_COLOUR_WINDOWTEXT));

    const double valRangePerBlock = (xMax - xMin) / blockCount;

    for (int i = 1; i < blockCount; ++i)
    {
        //draw grey vertical lines
        const double valX = xMin + i * valRangePerBlock; //step over raw data, not graph area pixels, to not lose precision
        const int x = graphArea.x + cvrtX.realToScreenRound(valX);

        if (graphArea.height > 0)
            dc.DrawLine(wxPoint(x, graphArea.y), wxPoint(x, graphArea.y + graphArea.height)); //wxDC::DrawLine() doesn't draw last pixel

        //draw x axis labels
        const wxString label = labelFmt.formatText(valX, valRangePerBlock);
        const wxSize labelExtent = dc.GetMultiLineTextExtent(label);
        dc.DrawText(label, wxPoint(x - labelExtent.GetWidth() / 2, labelArea.y + (labelArea.height - labelExtent.GetHeight()) / 2)); //center
    }
}


void drawYLabel(wxDC& dc, double yMin, double yMax, int blockCount, const ConvertCoord& cvrtY, const wxRect& graphArea, const wxRect& labelArea, const LabelFormatter& labelFmt)
{
    assert(graphArea.height == labelArea.height && graphArea.y == labelArea.y);
    if (blockCount <= 0)
        return;

    wxDCPenChanger dummy(dc, wxPen(wxColor(192, 192, 192), fastFromDIP(1))); //light grey => not accessible! but no big deal...
    wxDCTextColourChanger textColor(dc, wxSystemSettings::GetColour(wxSYS_COLOUR_WINDOWTEXT));

    const double valRangePerBlock = (yMax - yMin) / blockCount;

    for (int i = 1; i < blockCount; ++i)
    {
        //draw grey horizontal lines
        const double valY = yMin + i * valRangePerBlock; //step over raw data, not graph area pixels, to not lose precision
        const int y = graphArea.y + cvrtY.realToScreenRound(valY);

        if (graphArea.width > 0)
            dc.DrawLine(wxPoint(graphArea.x, y), wxPoint(graphArea.x + graphArea.width, y)); //wxDC::DrawLine() doesn't draw last pixel

        //draw y axis labels
        const wxString label = labelFmt.formatText(valY, valRangePerBlock);
        const wxSize labelExtent = dc.GetMultiLineTextExtent(label);
        dc.DrawText(label, wxPoint(labelArea.x + (labelArea.width - labelExtent.GetWidth()) / 2, y - labelExtent.GetHeight() / 2)); //center
    }
}


void drawCornerText(wxDC& dc, const wxRect& graphArea, const wxString& txt, GraphCorner pos, const wxColor& colorText, const wxColor& colorBack)
{
    if (txt.empty()) return;

    const wxSize border(fastFromDIP(5), fastFromDIP(2));
    //it looks like wxDC::GetMultiLineTextExtent() precisely returns width, but too large a height: maybe they consider "text row height"?

    const wxSize boxExtent = dc.GetMultiLineTextExtent(txt) + 2 * border;

    wxPoint drawPos = graphArea.GetTopLeft();
    switch (pos)
    {
        case GraphCorner::topL:
            break;
        case GraphCorner::topR:
            drawPos.x += graphArea.width - boxExtent.GetWidth();
            break;
        case GraphCorner::bottomL:
            drawPos.y += graphArea.height - boxExtent.GetHeight();
            break;
        case GraphCorner::bottomR:
            drawPos.x += graphArea.width  - boxExtent.GetWidth();
            drawPos.y += graphArea.height - boxExtent.GetHeight();
            break;
    }

    //add text shadow to improve readability:
    wxDCTextColourChanger textColor(dc, colorBack);
    dc.DrawText(txt, drawPos + border + wxSize(1, 1) /*better without fastFromDIP()?*/);

    textColor.Set(colorText);
    dc.DrawText(txt, drawPos + border);
}


//calculate intersection of polygon with half-plane
template <class Function, class Function2>
void cutPoints(std::vector<CurvePoint>& curvePoints, std::vector<unsigned char>& oobMarker, Function isInside, Function2 getIntersection, bool doPolygonCut)
{
    assert(curvePoints.size() == oobMarker.size());

    if (curvePoints.size() != oobMarker.size() || curvePoints.empty()) return;

    auto isMarkedOob = [&](size_t index) { return oobMarker[index] != 0; }; //test if point is start of an OOB line

    std::vector<CurvePoint>    curvePointsTmp;
    std::vector<unsigned char> oobMarkerTmp;
    curvePointsTmp.reserve(curvePoints.size()); //allocating memory for these containers is one
    oobMarkerTmp  .reserve(oobMarker  .size()); //of the more expensive operations of Graph2D!

    auto savePoint = [&](const CurvePoint& pt, bool markedOob) { curvePointsTmp.push_back(pt); oobMarkerTmp.push_back(markedOob); };

    bool pointInside = isInside(curvePoints[0]);
    if (pointInside)
        savePoint(curvePoints[0], isMarkedOob(0));

    for (size_t index = 1; index < curvePoints.size(); ++index)
    {
        if (isInside(curvePoints[index]) != pointInside)
        {
            pointInside = !pointInside;
            const CurvePoint is = getIntersection(curvePoints[index - 1], curvePoints[index]); //getIntersection returns "to" when delta is zero
            savePoint(is, !pointInside || isMarkedOob(index - 1));
        }
        if (pointInside)
            savePoint(curvePoints[index], isMarkedOob(index));
    }

    //make sure the output polygon area is correctly shaped if either begin or end points are cut
    if (doPolygonCut) //note: impacts min/max height-calculations!
        if (curvePoints.size() >= 3)
            if (isInside(curvePoints.front()) != pointInside)
            {
                assert(!oobMarkerTmp.empty());
                oobMarkerTmp.back() = true;

                const CurvePoint is = getIntersection(curvePoints.back(), curvePoints.front());
                savePoint(is, true);
            }

    curvePointsTmp.swap(curvePoints);
    oobMarkerTmp  .swap(oobMarker);
}


struct GetIntersectionX
{
    explicit GetIntersectionX(double x) : x_(x) {}

    CurvePoint operator()(const CurvePoint& from, const CurvePoint& to) const
    {
        const double deltaX = to.x - from.x;
        const double deltaY = to.y - from.y;
        return numeric::isNull(deltaX) ? to : CurvePoint{x_, from.y + (x_ - from.x) / deltaX * deltaY};
    }

private:
    const double x_;
};

struct GetIntersectionY
{
    explicit GetIntersectionY(double y) : y_(y) {}

    CurvePoint operator()(const CurvePoint& from, const CurvePoint& to) const
    {
        const double deltaX = to.x - from.x;
        const double deltaY = to.y - from.y;
        return numeric::isNull(deltaY) ? to : CurvePoint{from.x + (y_ - from.y) / deltaY * deltaX, y_};
    }

private:
    const double y_;
};

void cutPointsOutsideX(std::vector<CurvePoint>& curvePoints, std::vector<unsigned char>& oobMarker, double minX, double maxX, bool doPolygonCut)
{
    cutPoints(curvePoints, oobMarker, [&](const CurvePoint& pt) { return pt.x >= minX; }, GetIntersectionX(minX), doPolygonCut);
    cutPoints(curvePoints, oobMarker, [&](const CurvePoint& pt) { return pt.x <= maxX; }, GetIntersectionX(maxX), doPolygonCut);
}

void cutPointsOutsideY(std::vector<CurvePoint>& curvePoints, std::vector<unsigned char>& oobMarker, double minY, double maxY, bool doPolygonCut)
{
    cutPoints(curvePoints, oobMarker, [&](const CurvePoint& pt) { return pt.y >= minY; }, GetIntersectionY(minY), doPolygonCut);
    cutPoints(curvePoints, oobMarker, [&](const CurvePoint& pt) { return pt.y <= maxY; }, GetIntersectionY(maxY), doPolygonCut);
}
}


std::vector<CurvePoint> ContinuousCurveData::getPoints(double minX, double maxX, const wxSize& areaSizePx) const
{
    std::vector<CurvePoint> points;

    const int pixelWidth = areaSizePx.GetWidth();
    if (pixelWidth <= 1) return points;
    const ConvertCoord cvrtX(minX, maxX, pixelWidth - 1); //map [minX, maxX] to [0, pixelWidth - 1]

    const std::pair<double, double> rangeX = getRangeX();

    const double screenLow  = cvrtX.realToScreen(std::max(rangeX.first,  minX)); //=> xLow >= 0
    const double screenHigh = cvrtX.realToScreen(std::min(rangeX.second, maxX)); //=> xHigh <= pixelWidth - 1
    //if double is larger than what int can represent => undefined behavior!
    //=> convert to int *after* checking value range!
    if (screenLow <= screenHigh)
    {
        const int posFrom = std::ceil (screenLow ); //do not step outside [minX, maxX] in loop below!
        const int posTo   = std::floor(screenHigh); //
        //conversion from std::floor/std::ceil double return value to int is loss-free for full value range of 32-bit int! tested successfully on MSVC

        for (int i = posFrom; i <= posTo; ++i)
        {
            const double x = cvrtX.screenToReal(i);
            points.emplace_back(CurvePoint{x, getValue(x)});
        }
    }
    return points;
}


std::vector<CurvePoint> SparseCurveData::getPoints(double minX, double maxX, const wxSize& areaSizePx) const
{
    std::vector<CurvePoint> points;

    const int pixelWidth = areaSizePx.GetWidth();
    if (pixelWidth <= 1) return points;
    const ConvertCoord cvrtX(minX, maxX, pixelWidth - 1); //map [minX, maxX] to [0, pixelWidth - 1]
    const std::pair<double, double> rangeX = getRangeX();

    auto addPoint = [&](const CurvePoint& pt)
    {
        if (!points.empty())
        {
            if (pt.x <= points.back().x) //allow ascending x-positions only! algorithm below may cause double-insertion after empty x-ranges!
                return;

            if (addSteps_)
                if (pt.y != points.back().y)
                    points.emplace_back(CurvePoint{pt.x, points.back().y}); //[!] aliasing parameter not yet supported via emplace_back: VS bug! => make copy
        }
        points.push_back(pt);
    };

    const int posFrom = cvrtX.realToScreenRound(std::max(rangeX.first,  minX));
    const int posTo   = cvrtX.realToScreenRound(std::min(rangeX.second, maxX));

    for (int i = posFrom; i <= posTo; ++i)
    {
        const double x = cvrtX.screenToReal(i);
        std::optional<CurvePoint> ptLe = getLessEq(x);
        std::optional<CurvePoint> ptGe = getGreaterEq(x);
        //both non-existent and invalid return values are mapped to out of expected range: => check on posLe/posGe NOT ptLe/ptGe in the following!
        const int posLe = ptLe ? cvrtX.realToScreenRound(ptLe->x) : i + 1;
        const int posGe = ptGe ? cvrtX.realToScreenRound(ptGe->x) : i - 1;
        assert(!ptLe || posLe <= i); //check for invalid return values
        assert(!ptGe || posGe >= i); //

        /* Breakdown of all combinations of posLe, posGe and expected action (n >= 1)
           Note: For every empty x-range of at least one pixel, both next and previous points must be saved to keep the interpolating line stable!!!

          posLe | posGe | action
        +-------+-------+--------
        | none  | none  | break
        |   i   | none  | save ptLe; break
        | i - n | none  | break;
        +-------+-------+--------
        | none  |   i   | save ptGe; continue
        |   i   |   i   | save one of ptLe, ptGe; continue
        | i - n |   i   | save ptGe; continue
        +-------+-------+--------
        | none  | i + n | save ptGe; jump to position posGe + 1
        |   i   | i + n | save ptLe; if n == 1: continue; else: save ptGe; jump to position posGe + 1
        | i - n | i + n | save ptLe, ptGe; jump to position posGe + 1
        +-------+-------+--------                                                               */
        if (posGe < i)
        {
            if (posLe == i)
                addPoint(*ptLe);
            break;
        }
        else if (posGe == i) //test if point would be mapped to pixel x-position i
        {
            if (posLe == i) //
                addPoint(x - ptLe->x < ptGe->x - x ? *ptLe : *ptGe);
            else
                addPoint(*ptGe);
        }
        else
        {
            if (posLe <= i)
                addPoint(*ptLe);

            if (posLe != i || posGe > i + 1)
            {
                addPoint(*ptGe);
                i = posGe; //skip sparse area: +1 will be added by for-loop!
            }
        }
    }
    return points;
}


Graph2D::Graph2D(wxWindow* parent,
                 wxWindowID winid,
                 const wxPoint& pos,
                 const wxSize& size,
                 long style,
                 const wxString& name) : wxPanel(parent, winid, pos, size, style, name)
{
    Bind(wxEVT_PAINT, [this](wxPaintEvent& event) { onPaintEvent(event); });
    Bind(wxEVT_SIZE,  [this](wxSizeEvent& event) { Refresh(); event.Skip(); });
    Bind(wxEVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND, [](wxEraseEvent& event) {}); //https://wiki.wxwidgets.org/Flicker-Free_Drawing

    //SetDoubleBuffered(true); slow as hell!

    SetBackgroundStyle(wxBG_STYLE_PAINT);

    Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_DOWN,          [this](wxMouseEvent& event) { onMouseLeftDown(event); });
    Bind(wxEVT_MOTION,             [this](wxMouseEvent& event) { onMouseMovement(event); });
    Bind(wxEVT_LEFT_UP,            [this](wxMouseEvent& event) { onMouseLeftUp  (event); });
    Bind(wxEVT_MOUSE_CAPTURE_LOST, [this](wxMouseCaptureLostEvent& event) { onMouseCaptureLost(event); });
}


void Graph2D::onPaintEvent(wxPaintEvent& event)
{
    //wxAutoBufferedPaintDC dc(this); -> this one happily fucks up for RTL layout by not drawing the first column (x = 0)!
    BufferedPaintDC dc(*this, doubleBuffer_);
    render(dc);
}


void Graph2D::onMouseLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event)
{
    activeSel_ = std::make_unique<MouseSelection>(*this, event.GetPosition());

    if (!event.ControlDown())
        oldSel_.clear();
    Refresh();
}


void Graph2D::onMouseMovement(wxMouseEvent& event)
{
    if (activeSel_.get())
    {
        activeSel_->refCurrentPos() = event.GetPosition(); //corresponding activeSel->refSelection() is updated in Graph2D::render()
        Refresh();
    }
}


void Graph2D::onMouseLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& event)
{
    if (activeSel_.get())
    {
        if (activeSel_->getStartPos() != activeSel_->refCurrentPos()) //if it's just a single mouse click: discard selection
        {
            GetEventHandler()->AddPendingEvent(GraphSelectEvent(activeSel_->refSelection()));

            oldSel_.push_back(activeSel_->refSelection()); //commit selection
        }

        activeSel_.reset();
        Refresh();
    }
}


void Graph2D::onMouseCaptureLost(wxMouseCaptureLostEvent& event)
{
    activeSel_.reset();
    Refresh();
}


void Graph2D::addCurve(const SharedRef<CurveData>& data, const CurveAttributes& ca)
{
    CurveAttributes newAttr = ca;
    if (newAttr.autoColor)
        newAttr.setColor(getDefaultColor(curves_.size()));
    curves_.emplace_back(data, newAttr);
    Refresh();
}


void Graph2D::render(wxDC& dc) const
{
    //set label font right at the start so that it is considered by wxDC::GetTextExtent() below!
    dc.SetFont(GetFont());

    const wxRect clientRect = GetClientRect(); //DON'T use wxDC::GetSize()! DC may be larger than visible area!

    clearArea(dc, clientRect, GetBackgroundColour() /*user-configurable!*/);
    //wxPanel::GetClassDefaultAttributes().colBg :
    //wxSystemSettings::GetColour(wxSYS_COLOUR_BTNFACE);

    const int xLabelHeight = attr_.xLabelHeight ? *attr_.xLabelHeight : GetCharHeight() + fastFromDIP(2) /*margin*/;
    const int yLabelWidth  = attr_.yLabelWidth  ? *attr_.yLabelWidth  : dc.GetTextExtent(L"1.23457e+07").x;

    /*  -----------------------
        |        |   x-label  |
        -----------------------
        |y-label | graph area |
        |----------------------  */

    wxRect graphArea  = clientRect;
    int xLabelPosY = clientRect.y;
    int yLabelPosX = clientRect.x;

    switch (attr_.xLabelpos)
    {
        case XLabelPos::none:
            break;
        case XLabelPos::top:
            graphArea.y      += xLabelHeight;
            graphArea.height -= xLabelHeight;
            break;
        case XLabelPos::bottom:
            xLabelPosY += clientRect.height - xLabelHeight;
            graphArea.height -= xLabelHeight;
            break;
    }
    switch (attr_.yLabelpos)
    {
        case YLabelPos::none:
            break;
        case YLabelPos::left:
            graphArea.x     += yLabelWidth;
            graphArea.width -= yLabelWidth;
            break;
        case YLabelPos::right:
            yLabelPosX += clientRect.width - yLabelWidth;
            graphArea.width -= yLabelWidth;
            break;
    }

    assert(attr_.xLabelpos == XLabelPos::none || attr_.labelFmtX);
    assert(attr_.yLabelpos == YLabelPos::none || attr_.labelFmtY);

    //paint graph background (excluding label area)
    drawFilledRectangle(dc, graphArea, attr_.colorBack, getBorderColor(), fastFromDIP(1));
    graphArea.Deflate(fastFromDIP(1));

    //set label areas respecting graph area border!
    const wxRect xLabelArea(graphArea.x, xLabelPosY, graphArea.width, xLabelHeight);
    const wxRect yLabelArea(yLabelPosX, graphArea.y, yLabelWidth, graphArea.height);
    const wxPoint graphAreaOrigin = graphArea.GetTopLeft();

    //detect x value range
    double minX = attr_.minX ? *attr_.minX :  std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(); //automatic: ensure values are initialized by first curve
    double maxX = attr_.maxX ? *attr_.maxX : -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(); //
    for (const auto& [curve, attrib] : curves_)
    {
        const std::pair<double, double> rangeX = curve.ref().getRangeX();
        assert(rangeX.first <= rangeX.second + 1.0e-9);
        //GCC fucks up badly when comparing two *binary identical* doubles and finds "begin > end" with diff of 1e-18

        if (!attr_.minX)
            minX = std::min(minX, rangeX.first);
        if (!attr_.maxX)
            maxX = std::max(maxX, rangeX.second);
    }

    if (minX <= maxX && maxX - minX < std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) //valid x-range
    {
        const wxSize minimalBlockSizePx = dc.GetTextExtent(L"00");

        int blockCountX = 0;
        //enlarge minX, maxX to a multiple of a "useful" block size
        if (attr_.xLabelpos != XLabelPos::none && attr_.labelFmtX.get())
            blockCountX = widenRange(minX, maxX, //in/out
                                     graphArea.width,
                                     minimalBlockSizePx.GetWidth() * 7,
                                     *attr_.labelFmtX);

        //get raw values + detect y value range
        double minY = attr_.minY ? *attr_.minY :  std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(); //automatic: ensure values are initialized by first curve
        double maxY = attr_.maxY ? *attr_.maxY : -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(); //

        std::vector<std::vector<CurvePoint>>    curvePoints(curves_.size());
        std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>> oobMarker  (curves_.size()); //effectively a std::vector<bool> marking points that start an out-of-bounds line

        for (size_t index = 0; index < curves_.size(); ++index)
        {
            const CurveData&         curve  = curves_    [index].first.ref();
            std::vector<CurvePoint>& points = curvePoints[index];
            auto&                    marker = oobMarker  [index];

            points = curve.getPoints(minX, maxX, graphArea.GetSize());
            marker.resize(points.size()); //default value: false
            if (!points.empty())
            {
                //cut points outside visible x-range now in order to calculate height of visible line fragments only!
                const bool doPolygonCut = curves_[index].second.fillMode == CurveFillMode::polygon; //impacts auto minY/maxY!!
                cutPointsOutsideX(points, marker, minX, maxX, doPolygonCut);

                if (!attr_.minY || !attr_.maxY)
                {
                    const auto& [itMin, itMax] = std::minmax_element(points.begin(), points.end(), [](const CurvePoint& lhs, const CurvePoint& rhs) { return lhs.y < rhs.y; });
                    if (!attr_.minY)
                        minY = std::min(minY, itMin->y);
                    if (!attr_.maxY)
                        maxY = std::max(maxY, itMax->y);
                }
            }
        }

        if (minY <= maxY) //valid y-range
        {
            int blockCountY = 0;
            //enlarge minY, maxY to a multiple of a "useful" block size
            if (attr_.yLabelpos != YLabelPos::none && attr_.labelFmtY.get())
                blockCountY = widenRange(minY, maxY, //in/out
                                         graphArea.height,
                                         minimalBlockSizePx.GetHeight() * 3,
                                         *attr_.labelFmtY);

            if (graphArea.width <= 1 || graphArea.height <= 1)
                return;

            const ConvertCoord cvrtX(minX, maxX, graphArea.width  - 1); //map [minX, maxX] to [0, pixelWidth - 1]
            const ConvertCoord cvrtY(maxY, minY, graphArea.height - 1); //map [minY, maxY] to [pixelHeight - 1, 0]

            //calculate curve coordinates on graph area
            std::vector<std::vector<wxPoint>> drawPoints(curves_.size());

            for (size_t index = 0; index < curves_.size(); ++index)
            {
                auto& cp = curvePoints[index];

                //add two artificial points to fill the curve area towards x-axis => do this before cutPointsOutsideY() to handle curve leaving upper bound
                if (curves_[index].second.fillMode == CurveFillMode::curve)
                    if (!cp.empty())
                    {
                        cp.emplace_back(CurvePoint{cp.back ().x, minY}); //add lower right and left corners
                        cp.emplace_back(CurvePoint{cp.front().x, minY}); //[!] aliasing parameter not yet supported via emplace_back: VS bug! => make copy
                        oobMarker[index].back() = true;
                        oobMarker[index].push_back(true);
                        oobMarker[index].push_back(true);
                    }

                //cut points outside visible y-range before calculating pixels:
                //1. realToScreenRound() deforms out-of-range values!
                //2. pixels that are grossly out of range can be a severe performance problem when drawing on the DC (Windows)
                const bool doPolygonCut = curves_[index].second.fillMode != CurveFillMode::none;
                cutPointsOutsideY(cp, oobMarker[index], minY, maxY, doPolygonCut);

                auto& dp = drawPoints[index];
                for (const CurvePoint& pt : cp)
                    dp.push_back(wxPoint(cvrtX.realToScreenRound(pt.x),
                                         cvrtY.realToScreenRound(pt.y)) + graphAreaOrigin);
            }

            //update active mouse selection
            if (activeSel_)
            {
                auto widen = [](double* low, double* high)
                {
                    if (*low > *high)
                        std::swap(low, high);
                    *low  -= 0.5;
                    *high += 0.5;
                };

                const wxPoint screenStart   = activeSel_->getStartPos()   - graphAreaOrigin; //make relative to graphArea
                const wxPoint screenCurrent = activeSel_->refCurrentPos() - graphAreaOrigin;

                //normalize positions: a mouse selection is symmetric and *not* an half-open range!
                double screenFromX = std::clamp(screenStart  .x, 0, graphArea.width  - 1);
                double screenFromY = std::clamp(screenStart  .y, 0, graphArea.height - 1);
                double screenToX   = std::clamp(screenCurrent.x, 0, graphArea.width  - 1);
                double screenToY   = std::clamp(screenCurrent.y, 0, graphArea.height - 1);
                widen(&screenFromX, &screenToX); //use full pixel range for selection!
                widen(&screenFromY, &screenToY);

                //save current selection as "double" coordinates
                activeSel_->refSelection().from = CurvePoint{cvrtX.screenToReal(screenFromX),
                                                             cvrtY.screenToReal(screenFromY)};

                activeSel_->refSelection().to = CurvePoint{cvrtX.screenToReal(screenToX),
                                                           cvrtY.screenToReal(screenToY)};
            }

            //#################### begin drawing ####################
            //1. draw colored area under curves
            for (auto it = curves_.begin(); it != curves_.end(); ++it)
                if (it->second.fillMode != CurveFillMode::none)
                    if (const std::vector<wxPoint>& points = drawPoints[it - curves_.begin()];
                        points.size() >= 3)
                    {
                        //wxDC::DrawPolygon() draws *transparent* border if wxTRANSPARENT_PEN is used!
                        //unlike wxDC::DrawRectangle() which just widens inner area!
                        wxDCPenChanger   dummy (dc, wxPen(it->second.fillColor, 1 /*[!] width*/));
                        wxDCBrushChanger dummy2(dc, it->second.fillColor);
                        dc.DrawPolygon(static_cast<int>(points.size()), points.data());
                    }

            //2. draw all currently set mouse selections (including active selection)
            std::vector<SelectionBlock> allSelections = oldSel_;
            if (activeSel_)
                allSelections.push_back(activeSel_->refSelection());

            if (!allSelections.empty())
            {
                //alpha channel not supported on wxMSW, so draw selection before curves
                wxDCBrushChanger dummy(dc, wxColor(168, 202, 236)); //light blue
                wxDCPenChanger dummy2(dc, wxPen(wxColor(51, 153, 255), fastFromDIP(1))); //dark blue

                auto shrink = [](double* low, double* high)
                {
                    if (*low > *high)
                        std::swap(low, high);
                    *low  += 0.5;
                    *high -= 0.5;
                    if (*low > *high)
                        *low = *high = (*low + *high) / 2;
                };

                for (const SelectionBlock& sel : allSelections)
                {
                    //harmonize with active mouse selection above
                    double screenFromX = cvrtX.realToScreen(sel.from.x);
                    double screenFromY = cvrtY.realToScreen(sel.from.y);
                    double screenToX   = cvrtX.realToScreen(sel.to.x);
                    double screenToY   = cvrtY.realToScreen(sel.to.y);
                    shrink(&screenFromX, &screenToX);
                    shrink(&screenFromY, &screenToY);

                    screenFromX = std::clamp(screenFromX, 0.0, graphArea.width  - 1.0);
                    screenFromY = std::clamp(screenFromY, 0.0, graphArea.height - 1.0);
                    screenToX   = std::clamp(screenToX,   0.0, graphArea.width  - 1.0);
                    screenToY   = std::clamp(screenToY,   0.0, graphArea.height - 1.0);

                    const wxPoint pixelFrom = wxPoint(std::round(screenFromX),
                                                      std::round(screenFromY)) + graphAreaOrigin;
                    const wxPoint pixelTo = wxPoint(std::round(screenToX),
                                                    std::round(screenToY)) + graphAreaOrigin;
                    switch (attr_.mouseSelMode)
                    {
                        case GraphSelMode::none:
                            break;
                        case GraphSelMode::rect:
                            dc.DrawRectangle(wxRect(pixelFrom, pixelTo)); //wxRect considers area *including* both points
                            break;
                        case GraphSelMode::x:
                            dc.DrawRectangle(wxRect(wxPoint(pixelFrom.x, graphArea.y), wxPoint(pixelTo.x, graphArea.y + graphArea.height - 1)));
                            break;
                        case GraphSelMode::y:
                            dc.DrawRectangle(wxRect(wxPoint(graphArea.x, pixelFrom.y), wxPoint(graphArea.x + graphArea.width - 1, pixelTo.y)));
                            break;
                    }
                }
            }

            //3. draw labels and background grid
            if (attr_.labelFmtX) drawXLabel(dc, minX, maxX, blockCountX, cvrtX, graphArea, xLabelArea, *attr_.labelFmtX);
            if (attr_.labelFmtY) drawYLabel(dc, minY, maxY, blockCountY, cvrtY, graphArea, yLabelArea, *attr_.labelFmtY);

            //4. finally draw curves
            {
                dc.SetClippingRegion(graphArea); //prevent thick curves from drawing slightly outside
                ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(dc.DestroyClippingRegion());

                for (auto it = curves_.begin(); it != curves_.end(); ++it)
                {
                    wxDCPenChanger dummy(dc, wxPen(it->second.color, it->second.lineWidth));

                    const size_t index = it - curves_.begin();
                    const std::vector<wxPoint>& points = drawPoints[index];
                    const auto&                 marker = oobMarker [index];
                    assert(points.size() == marker.size());

                    //draw all parts of the curve except for the out-of-bounds fragments
                    size_t drawIndexFirst = 0;
                    while (drawIndexFirst < points.size())
                    {
                        size_t drawIndexLast = std::find(marker.begin() + drawIndexFirst, marker.end(), static_cast<char>(true)) - marker.begin();
                        if (drawIndexLast < points.size()) ++drawIndexLast;

                        const int pointCount = static_cast<int>(drawIndexLast - drawIndexFirst);
                        if (pointCount > 0)
                        {
                            if (pointCount >= 2) //on OS X wxWidgets has a nasty assert on this
                                dc.DrawLines(pointCount, &points[drawIndexFirst]);
                            dc.DrawPoint(points[drawIndexLast - 1]); //wxDC::DrawLines() doesn't draw last pixel
                        }
                        drawIndexFirst = std::find(marker.begin() + drawIndexLast, marker.end(), static_cast<char>(false)) - marker.begin();
                    }
                }
            }

            //5. draw corner texts
            for (const auto& [cornerPos, text] : attr_.cornerTexts)
                drawCornerText(dc, graphArea, text, cornerPos, attr_.colorText, attr_.colorBack);
        }
    }
}