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diff --git a/zen/string_tools.h b/zen/string_tools.h
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+// **************************************************************************
+// * This file is part of the zenXML project. It is distributed under the   *
+// * Boost Software License, Version 1.0. See accompanying file             *
+// * LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt.       *
+// * Copyright (C) 2011 ZenJu (zhnmju123 AT gmx.de)                         *
+// **************************************************************************
+
+#ifndef STRING_TOOLS_HEADER_213458973046
+#define STRING_TOOLS_HEADER_213458973046
+
+#include <cctype>  //isspace
+#include <cwctype> //iswspace
+#include <cstdio>  //sprintf
+#include <cwchar>  //swprintf
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+#include "string_traits.h"
+#include "type_traits.h"
+
+
+//enhance arbitray string class with useful non-member functions:
+namespace zen
+{
+template <class C> bool cStringIsWhiteSpace(C ch);
+template <class C> bool cStringIsDigit(C ch);
+
+template <class S, class T> bool startsWith(const S& str, const T& prefix);  //both S and T can be strings or char/wchar_t arrays or simple char/wchar_t
+template <class S, class T> bool endsWith  (const S& str, const T& postfix); //
+
+template <class S, class T> S afterLast  (const S& str, const T& ch); //returns the whole string if ch not found
+template <class S, class T> S beforeLast (const S& str, const T& ch); //returns empty string if ch not found
+template <class S, class T> S afterFirst (const S& str, const T& ch); //returns empty string if ch not found
+template <class S, class T> S beforeFirst(const S& str, const T& ch); //returns the whole string if ch not found
+
+template <class S, class T> std::vector<S> split(const S& str, const T& delimiter);
+template <class S> void truncate(S& str, size_t newLen);
+template <class S> void trim(S& str, bool fromLeft = true, bool fromRight = true);
+template <class S, class T, class U> void replace   (      S& str, const T& oldOne, const U& newOne, bool replaceAll = true);
+template <class S, class T, class U> S    replaceCpy(const S& str, const T& oldOne, const U& newOne, bool replaceAll = true);
+
+//high-performance conversion from numbers to strings
+template <class S, class T, class Num> S printNumber(const T& format, const Num& number); //format a single number using ::sprintf
+
+template <class S,   class Num> S   toString(const Num& number);
+template <class Num, class S  > Num toNumber(const S&   str);
+
+//string to string conversion: converst string-like type into char-compatible target string class
+template <class T, class S> T cvrtString(const S& str);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+//---------------------- implementation ----------------------
+template <> inline
+bool cStringIsWhiteSpace(char ch)
+{
+    //caveat 1: std::isspace() takes an int, but expects an unsigned char
+    //caveat 2: some parts of UTF-8 chars are erroneously seen as whitespace, e.g. the a0 from "\xec\x8b\xa0" (MSVC)
+    return static_cast<unsigned char>(ch) < 128 &&
+           std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+
+//template <> inline bool cStringIsWhiteSpace(unsigned char ch) { return cStringIsWhiteSpace<char>(ch); } -> not character types!
+//template <> inline bool cStringIsWhiteSpace(signed char ch)   { return cStringIsWhiteSpace<char>(ch); }
+template <> inline bool cStringIsWhiteSpace(wchar_t ch)       { return std::iswspace(ch) != 0; }
+
+template <> inline
+bool cStringIsDigit(char ch)
+{
+    return std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0; //caveat: takes an int, but expects an unsigned char
+}
+
+
+template <> inline
+bool cStringIsDigit(wchar_t ch)
+{
+    return std::iswdigit(ch) != 0;
+}
+
+
+template <class S, class T> inline
+bool startsWith(const S& str, const T& prefix)
+{
+    assert_static(StringTraits<S>::isStringLike);
+    assert_static(StringTraits<T>::isStringLike);
+
+    const size_t pfLength = strLength(prefix);
+    if (strLength(str) < pfLength)
+        return false;
+
+    return std::equal(strBegin(str), strBegin(str) + pfLength,
+                      strBegin(prefix));
+}
+
+
+template <class S, class T> inline
+bool endsWith(const S& str, const T& postfix)
+{
+    assert_static(StringTraits<S>::isStringLike);
+    assert_static(StringTraits<T>::isStringLike);
+
+    size_t strLen = strLength(str);
+    size_t pfLen  = strLength(postfix);
+    if (strLen < pfLen)
+        return false;
+
+    typedef typename StringTraits<S>::CharType CharType;
+
+    const CharType* cmpBegin = strBegin(str) + strLen - pfLen;
+    return std::equal(cmpBegin, cmpBegin + pfLen,
+                      strBegin(postfix));
+}
+
+
+//returns the whole string if ch not found
+template <class S, class T> inline
+S afterLast(const S& str, const T& ch)
+{
+    assert_static(StringTraits<T>::isStringLike);
+
+    const size_t pos = str.rfind(ch);
+    if (pos != S::npos)
+    {
+        size_t chLen = strLength(ch);
+        return S(str.c_str() + pos + chLen, str.length() - pos - chLen);
+    }
+    else
+        return str;
+}
+
+
+//returns empty string if ch not found
+template <class S, class T> inline
+S beforeLast(const S& str, const T& ch)
+{
+    assert_static(StringTraits<T>::isStringLike);
+
+    const size_t pos = str.rfind(ch);
+    if (pos != S::npos)
+        return S(str.c_str(), pos); //data is non-empty string in this context: else ch would not have been found!
+    else
+        return S();
+}
+
+
+//returns empty string if ch not found
+template <class S, class T> inline
+S afterFirst(const S& str, const T& ch)
+{
+    assert_static(StringTraits<T>::isStringLike);
+
+    const size_t pos = str.find(ch);
+    if (pos != S::npos)
+    {
+        size_t chLen = strLength(ch);
+        return S(str.c_str() + pos + chLen, str.length() - pos - chLen);
+    }
+    else
+        return S();
+
+}
+
+
+//returns the whole string if ch not found
+template <class S, class T> inline
+S beforeFirst(const S& str, const T& ch)
+{
+    assert_static(StringTraits<T>::isStringLike);
+
+    const size_t pos = str.find(ch);
+    if (pos != S::npos)
+        return S(str.c_str(), pos); //data is non-empty string in this context: else ch would not have been found!
+    else
+        return str;
+}
+
+
+template <class S, class T> inline
+std::vector<S> split(const S& str, const T& delimiter)
+{
+    assert_static(StringTraits<T>::isStringLike);
+
+    std::vector<S> output;
+    size_t bockStart = 0;
+    size_t delimLen = strLength(delimiter);
+    if (delimLen != 0)
+    {
+        for (size_t blockEnd = str.find(delimiter, bockStart);
+             blockEnd != S::npos;
+             bockStart = blockEnd + delimLen, blockEnd = str.find(delimiter, bockStart))
+        {
+            output.push_back(S(str.c_str() + bockStart, blockEnd - bockStart));
+        }
+    }
+    output.push_back(S(str.c_str() + bockStart, str.length() - bockStart));
+    return output;
+}
+
+
+template <class S> inline
+void truncate(S& str, size_t newLen)
+{
+    if (newLen < str.length())
+        str.resize(newLen);
+}
+
+
+template <class S, class T, class U> inline
+S replaceCpy(const S& str, const T& oldOne, const U& newOne, bool replaceAll)
+{
+    assert_static(StringTraits<T>::isStringLike);
+    assert_static(StringTraits<U>::isStringLike);
+
+    typedef typename StringTraits<S>::CharType CharType;
+
+    const size_t oldLen = strLength(oldOne);
+    const size_t newLen = strLength(newOne);
+
+    S output;
+
+    const CharType* strPos = strBegin(str);
+    const CharType* strEnd = strPos + strLength(str);
+
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        const CharType* ptr = std::search(strPos, strEnd,
+                                          strBegin(oldOne), strBegin(oldOne) + oldLen);
+        if (ptr == strEnd)
+            break;
+
+        output += S(strPos, ptr - strPos);
+        output += S(strBegin(newOne), newLen);
+
+        strPos = ptr + oldLen;
+
+        if (!replaceAll)
+            break;
+    }
+    output += S(strPos, strEnd - strPos);
+
+    return output;
+}
+
+
+template <class S, class T, class U> inline
+void replace(S& str, const T& oldOne, const U& newOne, bool replaceAll)
+{
+    str = replaceCpy(str, oldOne, newOne, replaceAll);
+}
+
+
+template <class S> inline
+void trim(S& str, bool fromLeft, bool fromRight)
+{
+    assert(fromLeft || fromRight);
+
+    typedef typename S::value_type CharType;
+
+    const CharType* newBegin = str.c_str();
+    const CharType* newEnd   = str.c_str() + str.length();
+
+    if (fromRight)
+        while (newBegin != newEnd && cStringIsWhiteSpace(newEnd[-1]))
+            --newEnd;
+
+    if (fromLeft)
+        while (newBegin != newEnd && cStringIsWhiteSpace(*newBegin))
+            ++newBegin;
+
+    const size_t newLength = newEnd - newBegin;
+    if (newLength != str.length())
+    {
+        if (newBegin != str.c_str())
+            str = S(newBegin, newLength); //minor inefficiency: in case "str" is not shared, we could save an allocation and do a memory move only
+        else
+            str.resize(newLength);
+    }
+}
+
+
+namespace implementation
+{
+template <class S, class T>
+struct CnvtStringToString
+{
+    T convert(const S& src) const { return T(strBegin(src), strLength(src)); }
+};
+
+template <class S>
+struct CnvtStringToString<S, S> //perf: we don't need a deep copy if string types match
+{
+    const S& convert(const S& src) const { return src; }
+};
+}
+
+template <class T, class S> inline
+T cvrtString(const S& str) { return implementation::CnvtStringToString<S, T>().convert(str); }
+
+
+namespace implementation
+{
+template <class Num> inline
+int saferPrintf(char* buffer, size_t bufferSize, const char* format, const Num& number) //there is no such thing as a "safe" printf ;)
+{
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    return ::_snprintf(buffer, bufferSize, format, number);  //VS2010 doesn't respect ISO C
+#else
+    return std::snprintf(buffer, bufferSize, format, number); //C99
+#endif
+}
+
+template <class Num> inline
+int saferPrintf(wchar_t* buffer, size_t bufferSize, const wchar_t* format, const Num& number)
+{
+#ifdef __MINGW32__ //MinGW doesn't respect ISO C
+    return ::snwprintf(buffer, bufferSize, format, number);
+#else
+    return std::swprintf(buffer, bufferSize, format, number); //C99
+#endif
+}
+}
+
+template <class S, class T, class Num> inline
+S printNumber(const T& format, const Num& number) //format a single number using ::sprintf
+{
+    assert_static(StringTraits<T>::isStringLike);
+    assert_static((IsSameType<
+                   typename StringTraits<S>::CharType,
+                   typename StringTraits<T>::CharType>::result));
+
+    typedef typename StringTraits<S>::CharType CharType;
+
+    const int BUFFER_SIZE = 128;
+    CharType buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
+    const int charsWritten = implementation::saferPrintf(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, format, number);
+
+    return charsWritten > 0 ? S(buffer, charsWritten) : S();
+}
+
+
+namespace implementation
+{
+enum NumberType
+{
+    NUM_TYPE_SIGNED_INT,
+    NUM_TYPE_UNSIGNED_INT,
+    NUM_TYPE_FLOATING_POINT,
+    NUM_TYPE_OTHER,
+};
+
+
+template <class S, class Num, NumberType>
+struct CvrtNumberToString
+{
+    S convert(const Num& number) const //default number to string conversion using streams: convenient, but SLOW, SLOW, SLOW!!!! (~ factor of 20)
+    {
+        typedef typename StringTraits<S>::CharType CharType;
+
+        std::basic_ostringstream<CharType> ss;
+        ss << number;
+        return cvrtString<S>(ss.str());
+    }
+};
+
+
+template <class S, class Num>
+struct CvrtNumberToString<S, Num, NUM_TYPE_FLOATING_POINT>
+{
+    S convert(const Num& number) const { return convertFloat(number, typename StringTraits<S>::CharType()); }
+
+private:
+    S convertFloat(const Num& number, char   ) const { return printNumber<S>( "%g", static_cast<double>(number)); }
+    S convertFloat(const Num& number, wchar_t) const { return printNumber<S>(L"%g", static_cast<double>(number)); }
+};
+
+/*
+perf: integer to string: (executed 10 mio. times)
+	std::stringstream - 14796 ms
+	std::sprintf      -  3086 ms
+	formatInteger     -   778 ms
+*/
+
+template <class S, class Num> inline
+S formatInteger(Num n, bool hasMinus)
+{
+    assert(n >= 0);
+    S output;
+    do
+    {
+        output += '0' + n % 10;
+        n /= 10;
+    }
+    while (n != 0);
+    if (hasMinus)
+        output += '-';
+
+    std::reverse(output.begin(), output.end());
+    return output;
+}
+
+template <class S, class Num>
+struct CvrtNumberToString<S, Num, NUM_TYPE_SIGNED_INT>
+{
+    S convert(const Num& number) const { return formatInteger<S>(number < 0 ? -number : number, number < 0); }
+};
+
+template <class S, class Num>
+struct CvrtNumberToString<S, Num, NUM_TYPE_UNSIGNED_INT>
+{
+    S convert(const Num& number) const { return formatInteger<S>(number, false); }
+};
+
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+template <class S, class Num, NumberType>
+struct CvrtStringToNumber
+{
+    Num convert(const S& str) const //default string to number conversion using streams: convenient, but SLOW
+    {
+        typedef typename StringTraits<S>::CharType CharType;
+        Num number = 0;
+        std::basic_istringstream<CharType>(cvrtString<std::basic_string<CharType> >(str)) >> number;
+        return number;
+    }
+};
+
+
+template <class S, class Num>
+struct CvrtStringToNumber<S, Num, NUM_TYPE_FLOATING_POINT>
+{
+    Num convert(const S& str) const { return convertFloat(strBegin(str)); }
+
+private:
+    Num convertFloat(const char*    str) const { return std::strtod(str, NULL); }
+    Num convertFloat(const wchar_t* str) const { return std::wcstod(str, NULL); }
+};
+
+template <class Num, class S>
+Num extractInteger(const S& str, bool& hasMinusSign) //very fast conversion to integers: slightly faster than std::atoi, but more importantly: generic
+{
+    typedef typename StringTraits<S>::CharType CharType;
+
+    const CharType* first = strBegin(str);
+    const CharType* last  = first + strLength(str);
+
+    while (first != last && cStringIsWhiteSpace(*first)) //skip leading whitespace
+        ++first;
+
+    hasMinusSign = false; //handle minus sign
+    if (first != last)
+    {
+        if (*first == '-')
+        {
+            hasMinusSign = true;
+            ++first;
+        }
+        else if (*first == '+')
+            ++first;
+    }
+
+    Num number = 0;
+    for (const CharType* iter = first; iter != last; ++iter)
+    {
+        const CharType c = *iter;
+        if ('0' <= c && c <= '9')
+        {
+            number *= 10;
+            number += c - '0';
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            assert(std::find_if(iter, last, std::not1(std::ptr_fun(&cStringIsWhiteSpace<CharType>))) == last); //rest of string should contain whitespace only
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return number;
+}
+
+
+template <class S, class Num>
+struct CvrtStringToNumber<S, Num, NUM_TYPE_SIGNED_INT>
+{
+    Num convert(const S& str) const
+    {
+        bool hasMinusSign = false; //handle minus sign
+        const Num number = extractInteger<Num>(str, hasMinusSign);
+        return hasMinusSign ? -number : number;
+    }
+};
+
+
+template <class S, class Num>
+struct CvrtStringToNumber<S, Num, NUM_TYPE_UNSIGNED_INT>
+{
+    Num convert(const S& str) const //very fast conversion to integers: slightly faster than std::atoi, but more importantly: generic
+    {
+        bool hasMinusSign = false; //handle minus sign
+        const Num number = extractInteger<Num>(str, hasMinusSign);
+        if (hasMinusSign)
+        {
+            assert(false);
+            return 0U;
+        }
+        return number;
+    }
+};
+}
+
+
+template <class S, class Num>
+inline
+S toString(const Num& number) //convert number to string the C++ way
+{
+    using namespace implementation;
+    return CvrtNumberToString<S, Num,
+           IsSignedInt  <Num>::result ? NUM_TYPE_SIGNED_INT :
+           IsUnsignedInt<Num>::result ? NUM_TYPE_UNSIGNED_INT :
+           IsFloat      <Num>::result ? NUM_TYPE_FLOATING_POINT :
+           NUM_TYPE_OTHER
+           >().convert(number);
+}
+
+
+template <class Num, class S>
+inline
+Num toNumber(const S& str) //convert string to number the C++ way
+{
+    using namespace implementation;
+    return CvrtStringToNumber<S, Num,
+           IsSignedInt  <Num>::result ? NUM_TYPE_SIGNED_INT :
+           IsUnsignedInt<Num>::result ? NUM_TYPE_UNSIGNED_INT :
+           IsFloat      <Num>::result ? NUM_TYPE_FLOATING_POINT :
+           NUM_TYPE_OTHER
+           >().convert(str);
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif //STRING_TOOLS_HEADER_213458973046