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authorDaniel Wilhelm <daniel@wili.li>2014-04-18 17:15:16 +0200
committerDaniel Wilhelm <daniel@wili.li>2014-04-18 17:15:16 +0200
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-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-//
-// The Loki Library
-// Copyright (c) 2008 Rich Sposato
-// The copyright on this file is protected under the terms of the MIT license.
-//
-// Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software for any
-// purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright
-// notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this
-// permission notice appear in supporting documentation.
-//
-// The author makes no representations about the suitability of this software
-// for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
-//
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-// $Id$
-
-/// @file Checker.h This file provides Loki's Checker facility.
-
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-#ifndef LOKI_CHECKER_H_INCLUDED
-#define LOKI_CHECKER_H_INCLUDED
-
-#include <exception> // needed for calls to uncaught_exception.
-#include <assert.h>
-
-
-namespace Loki
-{
-
-/** @par ContractChecker and StaticChecker Overview
- The ContractChecker and StaticChecker classes have two purposes:
- - provide a mechanism by which programmers can determine which functions
- violate class/data invariants,
- - and determine which exception safety a function provides.
-
- @par Class & Data Invariants
- The ContractChecker and StaticChecker define invariants as "expressions that
- are true for particular data". They uses a function which returns true if all
- data are valid, and returns false if any datum is invalid. This is called the
- validator function, and the host class or function provides a pointer to it.
- The validator could also assert for any invariant which fails rather than
- return false. If the validator is a static member function, you can use it
- with checkers in any function, but especially standalone functions and class
- static functions. If the validator is a non-static member function, you can
- use it only within non-static member functions.
-
- @par Exception Safety Levels
- Years ago, David Abrahams formalized a framework for assessing the exception
- safety level a function provides. His framework describes three levels of
- guarantees. Any function which does not provide any of these levels is
- considered unsafe. ContractChecker and StaticChecker determine a function's
- safety level through the use of policy classes. Checker's policy classes can
- show if a function provides any of these three guarantees. Since there is no
- universal way to detect leaks, this facility provides no mechanism for finding
- leaks, but users may create their own validators which do. StaticChecker's
- policy classes only provide direct checking for the no-throw and invariant
- guarantees. With some finesse, a programmer can write a validator for
- StaticChecker that checks for the Strong guarantee.
-
- - No-throw guarantee: A function will not throw any exceptions.
- - Strong guarantee: A function will not change data if an exception occurs.
- (Which I call the no-change guarantee.)
- - Basic guarantee: A function will not leak resources and data will remain
- in a valid state if an exception occurs. (Which I call either the no-leak
- or no-break guarantee depending on context.)
- */
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/** @class CheckForNoThrow
-
- @par Exception Safety Level:
- This exception-checking policy class for ContractChecker asserts if an
- exception exists. Host classes can use this to show that a member function
- provides the no-throw exception safety guarantees.
-
- @par Requirements For Host Class:
- This policy imposes no requirements on a host class.
- */
-template < class Host >
-class CheckForNoThrow
-{
-public:
-
- inline explicit CheckForNoThrow( const Host* ) {}
-
- inline bool Check( const Host* ) const
- {
- const bool okay = ( !::std::uncaught_exception() );
- assert( okay );
- return okay;
- }
-};
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/** @class CheckForNoChange
-
- @par Exception Safety Level:
- This exception-checking policy class for ContractChecker asserts only if a
- copy of the host differs from the host object when an exception occurs. Host
- classes can use this policy to show which member functions provide the strong
- exception guarantee.
-
- @par Requirements:
- This policy requires hosts to provide both the copy-constructor and the
- equality operator, and is intended for classes with value semantics.
- equality operator.
- */
-
-template < class Host >
-class CheckForNoChange
-{
-public:
-
- inline explicit CheckForNoChange( const Host* host ) :
- m_compare( *host ) {}
-
- inline bool Check( const Host* host ) const
- {
- const bool okay = ( !::std::uncaught_exception() )
- || ( m_compare == *host );
- assert( okay );
- return okay;
- }
-
-private:
- Host m_compare;
-};
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/** @class CheckForNoChangeOrThrow
-
- @par Exception Safety Level:
- This exception-checking policy class for ContractChecker asserts either if a
- copy of the host differs from the original host object, or if an exception
- occurs. Host classes can use this policy to show which member functions provide
- the no-throw exception guarantee, and would never change data anyway.
-
- @par Requirements For Host Class:
- This policy requires hosts to provide both the copy-constructor and the
- equality operator, and is intended for classes with value semantics.
- */
-
-template < class Host >
-class CheckForNoChangeOrThrow
-{
-public:
-
- inline explicit CheckForNoChangeOrThrow( const Host* host ) :
- m_compare( *host ) {}
-
- inline bool Check( const Host* host ) const
- {
- bool okay = ( !::std::uncaught_exception() );
- assert( okay );
- okay = ( m_compare == *host );
- assert( okay );
- return okay;
- }
-
-private:
- Host m_compare;
-};
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/** @class CheckForEquality
-
- @par Exception Safety Level:
- This exception-checking policy class for ContractChecker asserts if a copy of the host differs from the host object regardless of whether an exception occurs.
- Host classes can use this policy to show which member functions never change
- data members, and thereby provide the strong exception safety level by default.
-
- @par Requirements For Host Class:
- This policy requires hosts to provide both the copy-constructor and the
- equality operator, and is intended for classes with value semantics.
- */
-
-template < class Host >
-class CheckForEquality
-{
-public:
-
- inline explicit CheckForEquality( const Host* host ) :
- m_compare( *host ) {}
-
- inline bool Check( const Host* host ) const
- {
- const bool okay = ( m_compare == *host );
- assert( okay );
- return okay;
- }
-
-private:
- Host m_compare;
-};
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/** @class CheckForNothing
-
- @par Exception Safety Level:
- This exception-checking policy class for ContractChecker does nothing when
- called. Host classes can use this to show which member functions provide
- neither the strong nor no-throw exception guarantees. The best guarantee such
- functions can provide is that nothing gets leaked.
-
- @par Requirements For Host Class:
- This policy imposes no requirements on a host class.
- */
-
-template < class Host >
-class CheckForNothing
-{
-public:
- inline explicit CheckForNothing( const Host* ) {}
- inline bool Check( const Host* ) const { return true; }
-};
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/** @class ContractChecker
- This class determines if a function violated any class invariant, but it also
- determines if a function fulfills its contract with client code. In the
- "Design by Contract" paradigm, each function has certain pre-conditions and
- post-conditions which may differ from the class invariants. This asserts if a
- check for an invariant fails as well as if any pre- or post-condition fails.
- It also demonstrate which exception safety level a function provides.
-
- @par Usage
- -# Implement a function that checks each class invariant. The function must
- have the signature similar to the Validator type. Something like:
- "bool Host::IsValid( void ) const;"
- - The function should return true if everything is okay, but false if
- something is wrong.
- - Or it could assert if anything is wrong.
- - Ideally, it should be private.
- -# Implement similar functions to check for pre-conditions and post-conditions.
- Functions which verify pre-conditions and post-conditions do not need to
- check all class invariants, just conditions specific to certain public
- functions in the host class.
- -# Declare some typedef's inside the class declaration like these. Make one
- typedef for each exception policy you use. I typedef'ed the CheckForNothing
- policy as CheckInvariants because even if a function can't provide either the
- no-throw nor the no-change policies, it should still make sure the object
- remains in a valid state.
- - typedef ::Loki::ContractChecker< Host, ::Loki::CheckForNoThrow > CheckForNoThrow;
- - typedef ::Loki::ContractChecker< Host, ::Loki::CheckForNoChange > CheckForNoChange;
- - typedef ::Loki::ContractChecker< Host, ::Loki::CheckForEquality > CheckForEquality;
- - typedef ::Loki::ContractChecker< Host, ::Loki::CheckForNothing > CheckInvariants;
- -# Construct a checker near the top of each member function - except in the
- validator member function. Pass the this pointer and the address of your
- validator function into the checker's constructor. You may also pass in pointers
- to function which check pre- and post-conditions.
- - If the function never throws, then use the CheckForNoThrow policy.
- - If the function never changes any data members, then use CheckForEquality
- policy.
- - If the function's normal execution flow changes data, but must make sure
- data remains unchanged when any exceptions occur, then use the
- CheckForNoChange policy.
- - Otherwise use the CheckInvariants policy.
- -# Recompile a debug version of your program, run the program and all the unit
- tests, and look for which assertions failed.
- */
-
-template
-<
-class Host,
- template < class > class ExceptionPolicy
- >
-class ContractChecker : public ExceptionPolicy< Host >
-{
- /// Shorthand for the ExceptionPolicy class.
- typedef ExceptionPolicy< Host > Ep;
-
-public:
-
- /// Signature for the validation function.
- typedef bool ( Host:: * Validator )( void ) const;
-
- /** The constructor makes sure the host is valid at the time the checker
- was created, thus insuring the host object was not corrupt from the start.
- @par host Pointer to host object.
- @par validator Pointer to function that checks class invariants.
- @par pre Optional pointer to function that checks pre-conditions.
- @par post Optional pointer to function that checks post-conditions.
- */
- inline ContractChecker( const Host* host, Validator validator,
- Validator pre = 0, Validator post = 0 ) :
- Ep( host ),
- m_host( host ),
- m_validator( validator ),
- m_pre( pre ),
- m_post( post )
- {
- assert( Check() );
- if ( 0 != m_pre )
- assert( ( m_host->*( m_pre ) )() );
- }
-
- /** The destructor checks if any Host invariants failed, and then calls the
- ExceptionPolicy's Check function to determine what to do in case of an
- exception.
- */
- inline ~ContractChecker( void )
- {
- assert( Check() );
- if ( 0 != m_post )
- assert( ( m_host->*( m_post ) )() );
- assert( Ep::Check( m_host ) );
- }
-
- /** This first checks the invariants for ContractChecker, and then calls the
- validator function for the host to make sure no class invariants were
- broken by the host within the Host's member function body. The host
- member function can call Check directly to verify the object remains valid
- at any time. This does not care if the pre- and post-condition validator
- pointers are null since a host class may pass in NULL pointers for either
- to indicate the pre-conditions or post-conditions are the same as the
- overall class invariants.
- */
- inline bool Check( void ) const
- {
- assert( 0 != this );
- assert( 0 != m_host );
- assert( 0 != m_validator );
- // Now that this confirms the pointers to the host and validation
- // functions are not null, go ahead and validate the host object.
- const bool okay = ( m_host->*( m_validator ) )();
- assert( okay );
- return okay;
- }
-
-private:
-
- /// Default constructor is not implemented.
- ContractChecker( void );
- /// Copy constructor is not implemented.
- ContractChecker( const ContractChecker& );
- /// Copy-assignment operator is not implemented.
- ContractChecker& operator = ( const ContractChecker& );
-
- /// Pointer to the host object.
- const Host* m_host;
-
- /// Pointer to member function that checks Host object's invariants.
- Validator m_validator;
-
- /// Pointer to member function that checks Host object's pre-conditions.
- Validator m_pre;
-
- /// Pointer to member function that checks Host object's post-conditions.
- Validator m_post;
-
-};
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/** @class CheckStaticForNoThrow
-
- @par Exception Safety Level:
- This exception-checking policy class for StaticChecker asserts if an exception
- exists. Functions can use this to show they provide the no-throw exception
- safety guarantee.
- */
-class CheckStaticForNoThrow
-{
-public:
- inline bool Check( void )
- {
- const bool okay = !::std::uncaught_exception();
- assert( okay );
- return okay;
- }
-};
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/** @class CheckStaticForNothing
-
- @par Exception Safety Level:
- This exception-checking policy class for StaticChecker does nothing when called.
- Functions can use this to show they might provide the weak exception guarantee.
- The best guarantee such functions can provide is that nothing gets leaked.
- */
-class CheckStaticForNothing
-{
-public:
- inline bool Check( void ) { return true; }
-};
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/** @class StaticChecker
- This class checks if a function provides the no-throw exception safety level
- and if the function violated any invariants. Invariants for stand-alone and
- static functions act as pre-conditions and post-conditions.
-
- @par Usage
- -# Implement a function that checks the invariants associated with a function,
- or with the static data for a class. The function must
- have the signature similar to the Validator type. Something like:
- "static bool Host::StaticIsValid( void );" or "bool IsOkay( void );"
- - The function should return true if everything is okay, but false if
- something is wrong.
- - Or it could assert if anything is wrong.
- -# If the checker is for static functions within a class, declare typedef's
- inside the class declaration like these. Make one typedef for each policy
- you use. I typedef'ed the CheckForNothing policy as CheckInvariants because
- even if a function can't provide the no-throw guarantee, it should still
- make sure that static data remains in a valid state.
- - typedef ::Loki::StaticChecker< ::Loki::CheckForNoThrow > CheckStaticForNoThrow;
- - typedef ::Loki::StaticChecker< ::Loki::CheckForNothing > CheckStaticInvariants;
- -# Construct a checker near the top of each member function - except in the
- validator member function. Pass the address of your validator function into
- the checker's constructor.
- - If the function never throws, then use the CheckForNoThrow policy.
- - Otherwise use the CheckInvariants policy.
- -# Recompile a debug version of your program, run it, and see if an assertion
- fails.
- */
-
-template
-<
-class ExceptionPolicy
->
-class StaticChecker : public ExceptionPolicy
-{
- /// Shorthand for the ExceptionPolicy class.
- typedef ExceptionPolicy Ep;
-
-public:
-
- /// Signature for the validation function.
- typedef bool ( * Validator )( void );
-
- /** The constructor makes sure the host is valid at the time the checker
- was created, thus insuring the host object was not corrupt from the start.
- @par validator Pointer to function that checks class invariants.
- @par pre Optional pointer to function that checks pre-conditions.
- @par post Optional pointer to function that checks post-conditions.
- */
- inline explicit StaticChecker( Validator validator,
- Validator pre = 0, Validator post = 0 ) :
- Ep(),
- m_validator( validator ),
- m_pre( pre ),
- m_post( post )
- {
- assert( Check() );
- if ( 0 != m_pre )
- assert( m_pre() );
- }
-
- /** The destructor checks if any Host invariants failed, and then calls the
- ExceptionPolicy's Check function to determine what to do in case of an
- exception.
- */
- inline ~StaticChecker( void )
- {
- assert( Check() );
- if ( 0 != m_post )
- assert( m_post() );
- assert( Ep::Check() );
- }
-
- /** This first checks its own invariants, and then calls the validator
- function to make sure no invariants were broken by the function which
- created this checker. That function can call Check directly to verify the
- data remains valid at any time. This does not care if the pre- and post-
- condition validator pointers are null since a host class may pass in NULL
- pointers for either to indicate the pre-conditions or post-conditions are
- the same as the overall class invariants.
- */
- inline bool Check( void ) const
- {
- assert( 0 != this );
- assert( 0 != m_validator );
- // Now that this confirms the pointers to the host and validation
- // functions are not null, go ahead and validate the host object.
- const bool okay = m_validator();
- assert( okay );
- return okay;
- }
-
-private:
-
- /// Default constructor is not implemented.
- StaticChecker( void );
- /// Copy constructor is not implemented.
- StaticChecker( const StaticChecker& );
- /// Copy-assignment operator is not implemented.
- StaticChecker& operator = ( const StaticChecker& );
-
- /// Pointer to member function that checks Host object's invariants.
- Validator m_validator;
-
- /// Pointer to member function that checks Host object's pre-conditions.
- Validator m_pre;
-
- /// Pointer to member function that checks Host object's post-conditions.
- Validator m_post;
-
-};
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-}; // end namespace Loki
-
-#endif
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