8.9

1 files changed, 676 insertions, 2589 deletions

diff --git a/zen/file_access.cpp b/zen/file_access.cpp
index ac68330e..61a003bb 100644..100755
--- a/zen/file_access.cpp
+++ b/zen/file_access.cpp
@@ -1,2589 +1,676 @@
-// *****************************************************************************
-// * This file is part of the FreeFileSync project. It is distributed under    *
-// * GNU General Public License: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0           *
-// * Copyright (C) Zenju (zenju AT freefilesync DOT org) - All Rights Reserved *
-// *****************************************************************************
-
-#include "file_access.h"
-#include <map>
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include "file_traverser.h"
-#include "scope_guard.h"
-#include "symlink_target.h"
-#include "file_id_def.h"
-#include "file_io.h"
-
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    #include <Aclapi.h>
-    #include "int64.h"
-    #include "privilege.h"
-    #include "long_path_prefix.h"
-    #include "win_ver.h"
-    #ifdef ZEN_WIN_VISTA_AND_LATER
-        #include <zen/vista_file_op.h> //requires COM initialization!
-    #endif
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX
-    #include <sys/vfs.h> //statfs
-    #include <sys/time.h> //lutimes
-    #ifdef HAVE_SELINUX
-        #include <selinux/selinux.h>
-    #endif
-
-#elif defined ZEN_MAC
-    #include <sys/mount.h> //statfs
-    #include <copyfile.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    #include <fcntl.h> //open, close, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW, UTIME_OMIT
-    #include <sys/stat.h>
-#endif
-
-using namespace zen;
-
-
-Opt<Zstring> zen::getParentFolderPath(const Zstring& itemPath)
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-	assert(startsWith(itemPath, L"\\\\") || //we do NOT support relative paths!
-	(itemPath.size() >= 3 && isAlpha(itemPath[0]) && itemPath[1] == L':' && itemPath[2] == L'\\'));
-	
-    //remove trailing separator (even for C:\ root directories)
-    const Zstring itemPathFmt = endsWith(itemPath, FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR) ?
-                                beforeLast(itemPath, FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR, IF_MISSING_RETURN_NONE) :
-                                itemPath;
-
-    if (startsWith(itemPathFmt, L"\\\\")) //UNC-name, e.g. \\server-name\share
-        if (std::count(itemPathFmt.begin(), itemPathFmt.end(), FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR) <= 3)
-            return NoValue();
-
-    const Zstring parentDir = beforeLast(itemPathFmt, FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR, IF_MISSING_RETURN_NONE);
-    if (parentDir.empty())
-        return NoValue();
-    if (parentDir.size() == 2 && isAlpha(parentDir[0]) && parentDir[1] == L':')
-        return appendSeparator(parentDir);
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-	assert(startsWith(itemPath, L"/")); //we do NOT support relative paths!
-
-    if (itemPath == "/")
-        return NoValue();
-
-    const Zstring parentDir = beforeLast(itemPath, FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR, IF_MISSING_RETURN_NONE);
-    if (parentDir.empty())
-        return Zstring("/");
-#endif
-    return parentDir;
-}
-
-
-ItemType zen::getItemType(const Zstring& itemPath) //throw FileError
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    const DWORD attr = ::GetFileAttributes(applyLongPathPrefix(itemPath).c_str());
-    if (attr == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
-    {
-        const DWORD ec = ::GetLastError(); //copy before directly/indirectly making other system calls!
-        if (ec == ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND || //
-            ec == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND || //perf: short circuit for common "not existing" error codes
-            ec == ERROR_BAD_NETPATH    || //
-            ec == ERROR_BAD_NET_NAME)     //
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"GetFileAttributes");
-    }
-
-    if (attr != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) == 0)
-        return (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0 ? ItemType::FOLDER : ItemType::FILE;
-
-    //handle obscure file permission problem where ::GetFileAttributes() fails with ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED or ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION
-    //while parent directory traversal is successful: e.g. "C:\pagefile.sys"
-    WIN32_FIND_DATA itemInfo = {};
-    const HANDLE searchHandle = ::FindFirstFile(applyLongPathPrefix(itemPath).c_str(), &itemInfo);
-    if (searchHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"FindFirstFile");
-    ::FindClose(searchHandle);
-
-    if (isSymlink(itemInfo)) //not every FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT is a symlink!!!
-        return ItemType::SYMLINK;
-    return (itemInfo.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0 ? ItemType::FOLDER : ItemType::FILE;
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    struct ::stat itemInfo = {};
-    if (::lstat(itemPath.c_str(), &itemInfo) != 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"lstat");
-
-    if (S_ISLNK(itemInfo.st_mode))
-        return ItemType::SYMLINK;
-    if (S_ISDIR(itemInfo.st_mode))
-        return ItemType::FOLDER;
-    return ItemType::FILE; //S_ISREG || S_ISCHR || S_ISBLK || S_ISFIFO || S_ISSOCK
-#endif
-}
-
-
-PathDetails zen::getPathDetails(const Zstring& itemPath) //throw FileError
-{
-    const Opt<Zstring> parentPath = getParentFolderPath(itemPath);
-    try
-    {
-        return { getItemType(itemPath), itemPath, {} }; //throw FileError
-    }
-    catch (FileError&)
-    {
-        if (!parentPath) //device root
-            throw;
-        //else: let's dig deeper... don't bother checking Win32 codes; e.g. not existing item may have the codes:
-        //  ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND, ERROR_INVALID_NAME, ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE,
-        //  ERROR_NOT_READY, ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER, ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME, ERROR_BAD_NETPATH => not reliable
-    }
-    const Zstring itemName = afterLast(itemPath, FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR, IF_MISSING_RETURN_ALL);
-    assert(!itemName.empty());
-
-    PathDetails pd = getPathDetails(*parentPath); //throw FileError
-    if (!pd.relPath.empty())
-    {
-        pd.relPath.push_back(itemName);
-        return { pd.existingType, pd.existingPath, pd.relPath };
-    }
-
-    try
-    {
-        traverseFolder(*parentPath,
-        [&](const FileInfo&    fi) { if (equalFilePath(fi.itemName, itemName)) throw ItemType::FILE; },
-        [&](const FolderInfo&  fi) { if (equalFilePath(fi.itemName, itemName)) throw ItemType::FOLDER; },
-        [&](const SymlinkInfo& si) { if (equalFilePath(si.itemName, itemName)) throw ItemType::SYMLINK; },
-        [](const std::wstring& errorMsg) { throw FileError(errorMsg); });
-
-        return { pd.existingType, *parentPath, { itemName } }; //throw FileError
-    }
-    catch (const ItemType& type) { return { type, itemPath, {} }; } //yes, exceptions for control-flow are bad design... but, but...
-    //we're not CPU-bound here and finding the item after getItemType() previously failed is exceptional (even C:\pagefile.sys should be found)
-}
-
-
-Opt<ItemType> zen::getItemTypeIfExists(const Zstring& itemPath) //throw FileError
-{
-    const PathDetails pd = getPathDetails(itemPath); //throw FileError
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    Zstring reconstructedPath = pd.existingPath;
-    for (const Zstring& itemName : pd.relPath)
-        reconstructedPath += endsWith(reconstructedPath, FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR) ? itemName : FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR + itemName;
-    assert(itemPath == reconstructedPath);
-#endif
-    if (pd.relPath.empty())
-        return pd.existingType;
-    return NoValue();
-}
-
-
-bool zen::fileAvailable(const Zstring& filePath) //noexcept
-{
-    //symbolic links (broken or not) are also treated as existing files!
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    const DWORD attr = ::GetFileAttributes(applyLongPathPrefix(filePath).c_str());
-    if (attr != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
-        return (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) == 0; //returns true for (file-)symlinks also
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    struct ::stat fileInfo = {};
-    if (::stat(filePath.c_str(), &fileInfo) == 0) //follow symlinks!
-        return S_ISREG(fileInfo.st_mode);
-#endif
-    return false;
-}
-
-
-bool zen::dirAvailable(const Zstring& dirPath) //noexcept
-{
-    //symbolic links (broken or not) are also treated as existing directories!
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    const DWORD attr = ::GetFileAttributes(applyLongPathPrefix(dirPath).c_str());
-    if (attr != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
-        return (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0; //returns true for ((broken) dir-)symlinks also
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    struct ::stat dirInfo = {};
-    if (::stat(dirPath.c_str(), &dirInfo) == 0) //follow symlinks!
-        return S_ISDIR(dirInfo.st_mode);
-#endif
-    return false;
-}
-
-
-warn_static("remove following test functions after refactoring")
-
-
-
-bool zen::fileExists(const Zstring& filePath)
-{
-    //symbolic links (broken or not) are also treated as existing files!
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    const DWORD attr = ::GetFileAttributes(applyLongPathPrefix(filePath).c_str());
-    if (attr != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
-        return (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) == 0; //returns true for (file-)symlinks also
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    struct ::stat fileInfo = {};
-    if (::stat(filePath.c_str(), &fileInfo) == 0) //follow symlinks!
-        return S_ISREG(fileInfo.st_mode);
-#endif
-    return false;
-}
-
-
-bool zen::dirExists(const Zstring& dirPath)
-{
-    //symbolic links (broken or not) are also treated as existing directories!
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    const DWORD attr = ::GetFileAttributes(applyLongPathPrefix(dirPath).c_str());
-    if (attr != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
-        return (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0; //returns true for ((broken) dir-)symlinks also
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    struct ::stat dirInfo = {};
-    if (::stat(dirPath.c_str(), &dirInfo) == 0) //follow symlinks!
-        return S_ISDIR(dirInfo.st_mode);
-#endif
-    return false;
-}
-
-
-namespace
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-enum class FatType
-{
-    NONE,
-    FAT,
-    FAT32,
-    EXFAT,
-};
-
-FatType getFatType(const Zstring& filePath) //noexcept
-{
-    const DWORD bufferSize = MAX_PATH + 1;
-    std::vector<wchar_t> buffer(bufferSize);
-
-    //this call is expensive: ~1.5 ms!
-    if (!::GetVolumePathName(filePath.c_str(), //__in   LPCTSTR lpszFileName,
-                             &buffer[0],       //__out  LPTSTR lpszVolumePathName,
-                             bufferSize))      //__in   DWORD cchBufferLength
-    {
-        assert(false);
-        return FatType::NONE;
-    }
-
-    const Zstring volumePath = appendSeparator(&buffer[0]);
-
-    //suprisingly fast: ca. 0.03 ms per call!
-    if (!::GetVolumeInformation(volumePath.c_str(), //__in_opt   LPCTSTR lpRootPathName,
-                                nullptr,     //__out      LPTSTR lpVolumeNameBuffer,
-                                0,           //__in       DWORD nVolumeNameSize,
-                                nullptr,     //__out_opt  LPDWORD lpVolumeSerialNumber,
-                                nullptr,     //__out_opt  LPDWORD lpMaximumComponentLength,
-                                nullptr,     //__out_opt  LPDWORD lpFileSystemFlags,
-                                &buffer[0],  //__out      LPTSTR lpFileSystemNameBuffer,
-                                bufferSize)) //__in       DWORD nFileSystemNameSize
-    {
-        assert(false);
-        return FatType::NONE;
-    }
-
-    if (&buffer[0] == Zstring(L"FAT"))
-        return FatType::FAT;
-    if (&buffer[0] == Zstring(L"FAT32"))
-        return FatType::FAT32;
-    if (&buffer[0] == Zstring(L"exFAT"))
-        return FatType::EXFAT;
-    return FatType::NONE;
-}
-
-
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN_VISTA_AND_LATER
-FatType getFatType(HANDLE hFile) //noexcept
-{
-    const DWORD bufferSize = MAX_PATH + 1; //"The length of the file system name buffer, in TCHARs. The maximum buffer size is MAX_PATH + 1"
-    std::vector<wchar_t> buffer(bufferSize);
-
-    if (!::GetVolumeInformationByHandleW(hFile,       //_In_ HANDLE hFile,
-                                         nullptr,     //_Out_writes_opt_(nVolumeNameSize) LPWSTR lpVolumeNameBuffer,
-                                         0,           //_In_ DWORD nVolumeNameSize,
-                                         nullptr,     //_Out_opt_ LPDWORD lpVolumeSerialNumber,
-                                         nullptr,     //_Out_opt_ LPDWORD lpMaximumComponentLength,
-                                         nullptr,     //_Out_opt_ LPDWORD lpFileSystemFlags,
-                                         &buffer[0],  //_Out_writes_opt_(nFileSystemNameSize) LPWSTR lpFileSystemNameBuffer,
-                                         bufferSize)) //_In_ DWORD nFileSystemNameSize
-    {
-        assert(false);
-        return FatType::NONE;
-    }
-
-    if (&buffer[0] == Zstring(L"FAT"))
-        return FatType::FAT;
-    if (&buffer[0] == Zstring(L"FAT32"))
-        return FatType::FAT32;
-    if (&buffer[0] == Zstring(L"exFAT"))
-        return FatType::EXFAT;
-    return FatType::NONE;
-}
-#endif
-#endif
-}
-
-
-std::uint64_t zen::getFilesize(const Zstring& filePath) //throw FileError
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    {
-        WIN32_FIND_DATA fileInfo = {};
-        const HANDLE searchHandle = ::FindFirstFile(applyLongPathPrefix(filePath).c_str(), &fileInfo);
-        if (searchHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(filePath)), L"FindFirstFile");
-        ::FindClose(searchHandle);
-
-        if (!isSymlink(fileInfo))
-            return get64BitUInt(fileInfo.nFileSizeLow, fileInfo.nFileSizeHigh);
-    }
-    //        WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA sourceAttr = {};
-    //        if (!::GetFileAttributesEx(applyLongPathPrefix(filePath).c_str(), //__in   LPCTSTR lpFileName,
-    //                                   GetFileExInfoStandard,                 //__in   GET_FILEEX_INFO_LEVELS fInfoLevelId,
-    //                                   &sourceAttr))                          //__out  LPVOID lpFileInformation
-
-    //open handle to target of symbolic link
-    const HANDLE hFile = ::CreateFile(applyLongPathPrefix(filePath).c_str(),                  //_In_      LPCTSTR lpFileName,
-                                      0,                                                      //_In_      DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
-                                      FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE, //_In_      DWORD dwShareMode,
-                                      nullptr,                                                //_In_opt_  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
-                                      OPEN_EXISTING,                                          //_In_      DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
-                                      FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, /*needed to open a directory*/ //_In_      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-                                      nullptr);                                               //_In_opt_  HANDLE hTemplateFile
-    if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(filePath)), L"CreateFile");
-    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::CloseHandle(hFile));
-
-    LARGE_INTEGER fileSize = {};
-    if (!::GetFileSizeEx(hFile,      //_In_  HANDLE         hFile,
-                         &fileSize)) //_Out_ PLARGE_INTEGER lpFileSize
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(filePath)), L"GetFileSizeEx");
-    return fileSize.QuadPart;
-
-    //alternative:
-    //BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fileInfoHnd = {};
-    //if (!::GetFileInformationByHandle(hFile, &fileInfoHnd))
-    //    THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(filePath)), L"GetFileInformationByHandle");
-    //return get64BitUInt(fileInfoHnd.nFileSizeLow, fileInfoHnd.nFileSizeHigh);
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    struct ::stat fileInfo = {};
-    if (::stat(filePath.c_str(), &fileInfo) != 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(filePath)), L"stat");
-
-    return fileInfo.st_size;
-#endif
-}
-
-
-std::uint64_t zen::getFreeDiskSpace(const Zstring& path) //throw FileError, returns 0 if not available
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    ULARGE_INTEGER bytesFree = {};
-    if (!::GetDiskFreeSpaceEx(appendSeparator(path).c_str(), //__in_opt   LPCTSTR lpDirectoryName, -> "UNC name [...] must include a trailing backslash, for example, "\\MyServer\MyShare\"
-                              &bytesFree,                    //__out_opt  PULARGE_INTEGER lpFreeBytesAvailable,
-                              nullptr,                       //__out_opt  PULARGE_INTEGER lpTotalNumberOfBytes,
-                              nullptr))                      //__out_opt  PULARGE_INTEGER lpTotalNumberOfFreeBytes
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot determine free disk space for %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(path)), L"GetDiskFreeSpaceEx");
-    //succeeds even if path is not yet existing!
-
-    //return 0 if info is not available: "The GetDiskFreeSpaceEx function returns zero for lpFreeBytesAvailable for all CD requests"
-    return get64BitUInt(bytesFree.LowPart, bytesFree.HighPart);
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    struct ::statfs info = {};
-    if (::statfs(path.c_str(), &info) != 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot determine free disk space for %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(path)), L"statfs");
-
-    return static_cast<std::uint64_t>(info.f_bsize) * info.f_bavail;
-#endif
-}
-
-
-VolumeId zen::getVolumeId(const Zstring& itemPath) //throw FileError
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    //this works for:
-    //- root paths "C:\", "D:\"
-    //- network shares: \\share\dirname
-    //- indirection: subst S: %USERPROFILE%
-    //   -> GetVolumePathName() + GetVolumeInformation() OTOH incorrectly resolves "S:\Desktop\somedir" to "S:\Desktop\" - nice try...
-    const HANDLE hItem = ::CreateFile(zen::applyLongPathPrefix(itemPath).c_str(),             //_In_      LPCTSTR lpFileName,
-                                      0,                                                      //_In_      DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
-                                      FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE, //_In_      DWORD dwShareMode,
-                                      nullptr,                    //_In_opt_  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
-                                      OPEN_EXISTING,              //_In_      DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
-                                      // FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT -> no, we follow symlinks!
-                                      FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, //_In_      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-                                      /*needed to open a directory*/
-                                      nullptr);                   //_In_opt_  HANDLE hTemplateFile
-    if (hItem == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"CreateFile");
-    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::CloseHandle(hItem));
-
-    BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fileInfo = {};
-    if (!::GetFileInformationByHandle(hItem, &fileInfo))
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"GetFileInformationByHandle");
-
-    return fileInfo.dwVolumeSerialNumber;
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    struct ::stat fileInfo = {};
-    if (::stat(itemPath.c_str(), &fileInfo) != 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"stat");
-
-    return fileInfo.st_dev;
-#endif
-}
-
-
-Zstring zen::getTempFolderPath() //throw FileError
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    const DWORD bufSize = MAX_PATH + 1; //MSDN: maximum value
-    std::vector<wchar_t> buf(bufSize);
-    const DWORD rv = ::GetTempPath(bufSize,  //_In_  DWORD  nBufferLength,
-                                   &buf[0]); //_Out_ LPTSTR lpBuffer
-    if (rv == 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(_("Cannot get process information."), L"GetTempPath");
-    if (rv >= bufSize)
-        throw FileError(_("Cannot get process information."), L"GetTempPath: insufficient buffer size.");
-    return &buf[0];
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    const char* buf = ::getenv("TMPDIR"); //no extended error reporting
-    if (!buf)
-        throw FileError(_("Cannot get process information."), L"getenv: TMPDIR not found.");
-    return buf;
-#endif
-}
-
-
-void zen::removeFilePlain(const Zstring& filePath) //throw FileError
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    const wchar_t functionName[] = L"DeleteFile";
-
-    if (!::DeleteFile(applyLongPathPrefix(filePath).c_str()))
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    const wchar_t functionName[] = L"unlink";
-    if (::unlink(filePath.c_str()) != 0)
-#endif
-    {
-        ErrorCode ec = getLastError(); //copy before directly/indirectly making other system calls!
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-        if (ec == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) //function fails if file is read-only
-            if (::SetFileAttributes(applyLongPathPrefix(filePath).c_str(), FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL)) //(try to) normalize file attributes
-            {
-                if (::DeleteFile(applyLongPathPrefix(filePath).c_str())) //now try again...
-                    return;
-                ec = ::GetLastError();
-            }
-#endif
-        //begin of "regular" error reporting
-        std::wstring errorDescr = formatSystemError(functionName, ec);
-
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN_VISTA_AND_LATER
-        if (ec == ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION || //-> enhance error message!
-            ec == ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION)
-        {
-            const std::wstring procList = vista::getLockingProcesses(filePath); //noexcept
-            if (!procList.empty())
-                errorDescr = _("The file is locked by another process:") + L"\n" + procList;
-        }
-#endif
-        throw FileError(replaceCpy(_("Cannot delete file %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(filePath)), errorDescr);
-    }
-}
-
-
-void zen::removeSymlinkPlain(const Zstring& linkPath) //throw FileError
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    const DWORD attr = ::GetFileAttributes(applyLongPathPrefix(linkPath).c_str());
-    if (attr != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0)
-        removeDirectoryPlain(linkPath); //throw FileError
-    else
-        removeFilePlain(linkPath); //throw FileError
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    removeFilePlain(linkPath); //throw FileError
-#endif
-}
-
-
-void zen::removeDirectoryPlain(const Zstring& dirPath) //throw FileError
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    const wchar_t functionName[] = L"RemoveDirectory";
-    if (!::RemoveDirectory(applyLongPathPrefix(dirPath).c_str()))
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    const wchar_t functionName[] = L"rmdir";
-    if (::rmdir(dirPath.c_str()) != 0)
-#endif
-    {
-        ErrorCode ec = getLastError(); //copy before making other system calls!
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-        if (ec == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) //(try to) normalize file attributes: NEEDED! even folders and symlinks can have FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY set!
-            if (::SetFileAttributes(applyLongPathPrefix(dirPath).c_str(), FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL))
-            {
-                if (::RemoveDirectory(applyLongPathPrefix(dirPath).c_str())) //now try again...
-                    return;
-                ec = ::GetLastError();
-            }
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-        bool symlinkExists = false;
-        try { symlinkExists = getItemType(dirPath) == ItemType::SYMLINK; } /*throw FileError*/ catch (FileError&) {} //previous exception is more relevant
-
-        if (symlinkExists)
-        {
-            if (::unlink(dirPath.c_str()) != 0)
-                THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot delete directory %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(dirPath)), L"unlink");
-            return;
-        }
-#endif
-        throw FileError(replaceCpy(_("Cannot delete directory %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(dirPath)), formatSystemError(functionName, ec));
-    }
-    /*
-    Windows: may spuriously fail with ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY(145) even though all child items have
-    successfully been *marked* for deletion, but some application still has a handle open!
-    e.g. Open "C:\Test\Dir1\Dir2" (filled with lots of files) in Explorer, then delete "C:\Test\Dir1" via ::RemoveDirectory() => Error 145
-    Sample code: http://us.generation-nt.com/answer/createfile-directory-handles-removing-parent-help-29126332.html
-    Alternatives: 1. move file/empty folder to some other location, then DeleteFile()/RemoveDirectory()
-                  2. use CreateFile/FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE *without* FILE_SHARE_DELETE instead of DeleteFile() => early failure
-    */
-}
-
-
-namespace
-{
-void removeDirectoryImpl(const Zstring& folderPath) //throw FileError
-{
-#ifndef NDEBUG //[!] no symlinks in this context!!! Do NOT traverse into it deleting contained files!!!
-    try { assert(getItemType(folderPath) != ItemType::SYMLINK); /*throw FileError*/ }
-    catch (FileError&) {}
-#endif
-    std::vector<Zstring> filePaths;
-    std::vector<Zstring> symlinkPaths;
-    std::vector<Zstring> folderPaths;
-
-    //get all files and directories from current directory (WITHOUT subdirectories!)
-    traverseFolder(folderPath,
-    [&](const FileInfo&    fi) { filePaths   .push_back(fi.fullPath); },
-    [&](const FolderInfo&  fi) { folderPaths .push_back(fi.fullPath); }, //defer recursion => save stack space and allow deletion of extremely deep hierarchies!
-    [&](const SymlinkInfo& si) { symlinkPaths.push_back(si.fullPath); },
-    [](const std::wstring& errorMsg) { throw FileError(errorMsg); });
-
-    for (const Zstring& filePath : filePaths)
-        removeFilePlain(filePath); //throw FileError
-
-    for (const Zstring& symlinkPath : symlinkPaths)
-        removeSymlinkPlain(symlinkPath); //throw FileError
-
-    //delete directories recursively
-    for (const Zstring& subFolderPath : folderPaths)
-        removeDirectoryImpl(subFolderPath); //throw FileError; call recursively to correctly handle symbolic links
-
-    removeDirectoryPlain(folderPath); //throw FileError
-}
-}
-
-
-void zen::removeDirectoryPlainRecursion(const Zstring& dirPath) //throw FileError
-{
-    if (getItemType(dirPath) == ItemType::SYMLINK) //throw FileError
-        removeSymlinkPlain(dirPath); //throw FileError
-    else
-        removeDirectoryImpl(dirPath); //throw FileError
-}
-
-
-namespace
-{
-/* Usage overview: (avoid circular pattern!)
-
-  renameFile()  -->  renameFile_sub()
-      |               /|\
-     \|/               |
-      Fix8Dot3NameClash()
-*/
-//wrapper for file system rename function:
-void renameFile_sub(const Zstring& pathSource, const Zstring& pathTarget) //throw FileError, ErrorDifferentVolume, ErrorTargetExisting
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    const Zstring pathSourceFmt = applyLongPathPrefix(pathSource);
-    const Zstring pathTargetFmt = applyLongPathPrefix(pathTarget);
-
-    if (!::MoveFileEx(pathSourceFmt.c_str(), //__in      LPCTSTR lpExistingFileName,
-                      pathTargetFmt.c_str(), //__in_opt  LPCTSTR lpNewFileName,
-                      0))                    //__in      DWORD dwFlags
-    {
-        DWORD ec = ::GetLastError(); //copy before directly/indirectly making other system calls!
-
-        if (ec == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) //MoveFileEx may fail to rename a read-only file on a SAMBA-share -> (try to) handle this
-        {
-            const DWORD oldAttr = ::GetFileAttributes(pathSourceFmt.c_str());
-            if (oldAttr != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (oldAttr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY))
-            {
-                if (::SetFileAttributes(pathSourceFmt.c_str(), FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL)) //remove readonly-attribute
-                {
-                    //try again...
-                    if (::MoveFileEx(pathSourceFmt.c_str(), //__in      LPCTSTR lpExistingFileName,
-                                     pathTargetFmt.c_str(), //__in_opt  LPCTSTR lpNewFileName,
-                                     0))                    //__in      DWORD dwFlags
-                    {
-                        //(try to) restore file attributes
-                        ::SetFileAttributes(pathTargetFmt.c_str(), oldAttr); //don't handle error
-                        return;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        ec = ::GetLastError(); //use error code from second call to ::MoveFileEx()
-                        //cleanup: (try to) restore file attributes: assume pathSource is still existing
-                        ::SetFileAttributes(pathSourceFmt.c_str(), oldAttr);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        //begin of "regular" error reporting
-        const std::wstring errorMsg = replaceCpy(replaceCpy(_("Cannot move file %x to %y."), L"%x", L"\n" + fmtPath(pathSource)), L"%y", L"\n" + fmtPath(pathTarget));
-        std::wstring errorDescr = formatSystemError(L"MoveFileEx", ec);
-
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN_VISTA_AND_LATER //(try to) enhance error message
-        if (ec == ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION ||
-            ec == ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION)
-        {
-            const std::wstring procList = vista::getLockingProcesses(pathSource); //noexcept
-            if (!procList.empty())
-                errorDescr = _("The file is locked by another process:") + L"\n" + procList;
-        }
-#endif
-        if (ec == ERROR_NOT_SAME_DEVICE)
-            throw ErrorDifferentVolume(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-        if (ec == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS || //-> used on Win7 x64
-            ec == ERROR_FILE_EXISTS)      //-> used by XP???
-            throw ErrorTargetExisting(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-        throw FileError(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-    }
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    //rename() will never fail with EEXIST, but always (atomically) overwrite!
-    //=> equivalent to SetFileInformationByHandle() + FILE_RENAME_INFO::ReplaceIfExists or ::MoveFileEx + MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING
-    //=> Linux: renameat2() with RENAME_NOREPLACE -> still new, probably buggy
-    //=> OS X: no solution
-
-    auto throwException = [&](int ec)
-    {
-        const std::wstring errorMsg = replaceCpy(replaceCpy(_("Cannot move file %x to %y."), L"%x", L"\n" + fmtPath(pathSource)), L"%y", L"\n" + fmtPath(pathTarget));
-        const std::wstring errorDescr = formatSystemError(L"rename", ec);
-
-        if (ec == EXDEV)
-            throw ErrorDifferentVolume(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-        if (ec == EEXIST)
-            throw ErrorTargetExisting(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-        throw FileError(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-    };
-
-    if (!equalFilePath(pathSource, pathTarget)) //exception for OS X: changing file name case is not an "already exists" situation!
-	{
-		bool alreadyExists = true;
-		try {  /*ItemType type = */getItemType(pathTarget); } /*throw FileError*/ catch (FileError&) { alreadyExists = false; } 
-
-        if (alreadyExists)
-            throwException(EEXIST);
-		//else: nothing exists or other error (hopefully ::rename will also fail!)
-	}
-
-    if (::rename(pathSource.c_str(), pathTarget.c_str()) != 0)
-        throwException(errno);
-#endif
-}
-
-
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-/*small wrapper around
-::GetShortPathName()
-::GetLongPathName() */
-template <typename Function>
-Zstring getFilenameFmt(const Zstring& filePath, Function fun) //throw(); returns empty string on error
-{
-    const Zstring filePathFmt = applyLongPathPrefix(filePath);
-
-    const DWORD bufferSize = fun(filePathFmt.c_str(), nullptr, 0);
-    if (bufferSize == 0)
-        return Zstring();
-
-    std::vector<wchar_t> buffer(bufferSize);
-
-    const DWORD charsWritten = fun(filePathFmt.c_str(), //__in   LPCTSTR lpszShortPath,
-                                   &buffer[0],          //__out  LPTSTR  lpszLongPath,
-                                   bufferSize);         //__in   DWORD   cchBuffer
-    if (charsWritten == 0 || charsWritten >= bufferSize)
-        return Zstring();
-
-    return &buffer[0];
-}
-
-
-Zstring findUnused8Dot3Name(const Zstring& filePath) //throw FileError
-{
-    Opt<Zstring> parentPath = getParentFolderPath(filePath);
-    assert(parentPath);
-    const Zstring pathPrefix = parentPath ? appendSeparator(*parentPath) : Zstring();
-
-    //extension needn't contain reasonable data
-    Zstring extension = getFileExtension(filePath);
-    if (extension.empty())
-        extension = Zstr("FFS");
-    else if (extension.length() > 3)
-        extension.resize(3);
-
-    for (int index = 0; index < 100000000; ++index) //filePath must be representable by <= 8 characters
-    {
-        const Zstring testPath = pathPrefix + numberTo<Zstring>(index) + Zchar('.') + extension;
-		if (!getItemTypeIfExists(testPath)) //throw FileError
-            return testPath;
-    }
-    throw std::runtime_error(std::string("100,000,000 files, one for each number, exist in this directory? You're kidding...") + utfCvrtTo<std::string>(pathPrefix) +
-                             "\n" + std::string(__FILE__) + ":" + numberTo<std::string>(__LINE__));
-}
-
-
-bool have8dot3NameClash(const Zstring& itemPath)
-{
-    try
-    {
-        /*ItemType type =*/ getItemType(itemPath); //throw FileError
-    }
-    catch (FileError&) { return false; }
-
-    const Zstring nameOrig  = afterLast(itemPath, FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR, IF_MISSING_RETURN_ALL);
-    const Zstring nameShort = afterLast(getFilenameFmt(itemPath, ::GetShortPathName), FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR, IF_MISSING_RETURN_ALL); //throw() returns empty string on error
-    const Zstring nameLong  = afterLast(getFilenameFmt(itemPath, ::GetLongPathName ), FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR, IF_MISSING_RETURN_ALL); //
-
-    if (!nameShort.empty() &&
-        !nameLong .empty() &&
-        equalFilePath(nameOrig,  nameShort) &&
-        !equalFilePath(nameShort, nameLong))
-    {
-        //for itemPath short and long file name are equal and another unrelated file happens to have the same short name
-        //e.g. itemPath == "TESTWE~1", but another file is existing named "TestWeb" with short name ""TESTWE~1"
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-class Fix8Dot3NameClash //throw FileError
-{
-public:
-    Fix8Dot3NameClash(const Zstring& filePath)
-    {
-        const Zstring longName = afterLast(getFilenameFmt(filePath, ::GetLongPathName), FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR, IF_MISSING_RETURN_ALL); //throw() returns empty string on error
-
-        Opt<Zstring> parentPath = getParentFolderPath(filePath);
-        assert(parentPath);
-        unrelatedFilePath_ = parentPath ? appendSeparator(*parentPath) : Zstring();
-        unrelatedFilePath_ += longName;
-
-        //find another name in short format: this ensures the actual short name WILL be renamed as well!
-        parkedFilePath_ = findUnused8Dot3Name(filePath); //throw FileError
-
-        //move already existing short name out of the way for now
-        renameFile_sub(unrelatedFilePath_, parkedFilePath_); //throw FileError, ErrorDifferentVolume
-        //DON'T call renameFile() to avoid reentrance!
-    }
-
-    ~Fix8Dot3NameClash()
-    {
-        //the file system should assign this unrelated file a new (unique) short name
-        try
-        {
-            renameFile_sub(parkedFilePath_, unrelatedFilePath_); //throw FileError, ErrorDifferentVolume
-        }
-        catch (FileError&) {}
-    }
-private:
-    Zstring unrelatedFilePath_;
-    Zstring parkedFilePath_;
-};
-#endif
-}
-
-
-//rename file: no copying!!!
-void zen::renameFile(const Zstring& pathSource, const Zstring& pathTarget) //throw FileError, ErrorDifferentVolume, ErrorTargetExisting
-{
-    try
-    {
-        renameFile_sub(pathSource, pathTarget); //throw FileError, ErrorDifferentVolume, ErrorTargetExisting
-    }
-    catch (const ErrorTargetExisting&)
-    {
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-        //try to handle issues with already existing short 8.3 file names on Windows
-        if (have8dot3NameClash(pathTarget))
-        {
-            Fix8Dot3NameClash dummy(pathTarget); //throw FileError; move clashing file path to the side
-            //now try again...
-            renameFile_sub(pathSource, pathTarget); //throw FileError
-            return;
-        }
-#endif
-        throw;
-    }
-}
-
-
-namespace
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-void setFileTimeByHandle(HANDLE hFile,  //throw FileError
-                         const FILETIME* creationTime, //optional
-                         const FILETIME& lastWriteTime,
-                         const Zstring& filePath) //for error message only
-{
-    if (!::SetFileTime(hFile,           //__in      HANDLE hFile,
-                       creationTime,    //__in_opt  const FILETIME *lpCreationTime,
-                       nullptr,         //__in_opt  const FILETIME *lpLastAccessTime,
-                       &lastWriteTime)) //__in_opt  const FILETIME *lpLastWriteTime
-    {
-        const DWORD ec = ::GetLastError(); //copy before directly/indirectly making other system calls!
-
-        auto toLargeInteger = [](const FILETIME& ft) -> LARGE_INTEGER
-        {
-            LARGE_INTEGER tmp = {};
-            tmp.LowPart  = ft.dwLowDateTime;
-            tmp.HighPart = ft.dwHighDateTime;
-            return tmp;
-        };
-
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN_VISTA_AND_LATER
-        //function may fail if file is read-only: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1093080&aid=3514569&group_id=234430
-        if (ec == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)
-        {
-            BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fileInfo = {};
-            if (::GetFileInformationByHandle(hFile, &fileInfo))
-                if (fileInfo.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)
-                {
-                    FILE_BASIC_INFO basicInfo = {}; //undocumented: file times of "0" stand for "don't change"
-                    basicInfo.FileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;        //[!] the bug in the ticket above requires we set this together with file times!!!
-                    basicInfo.LastWriteTime = toLargeInteger(lastWriteTime); //
-                    if (creationTime)
-                        basicInfo.CreationTime = toLargeInteger(*creationTime);
-
-                    //set file time + attributes
-                    if (!::SetFileInformationByHandle(hFile,              //__in  HANDLE hFile,
-                                                      FileBasicInfo,      //__in  FILE_INFO_BY_HANDLE_CLASS FileInformationClass,
-                                                      &basicInfo,         //__in  LPVOID lpFileInformation,
-                                                      sizeof(basicInfo))) //__in  DWORD dwBufferSize
-                        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(filePath)), L"SetFileInformationByHandle");
-
-                    //(try to) restore original file attributes
-                    FILE_BASIC_INFO basicInfo2 = {};
-                    basicInfo2.FileAttributes = fileInfo.dwFileAttributes;
-                    ::SetFileInformationByHandle(hFile,               //__in  HANDLE hFile,
-                                                 FileBasicInfo,       //__in  FILE_INFO_BY_HANDLE_CLASS FileInformationClass,
-                                                 &basicInfo2,         //__in  LPVOID lpFileInformation,
-                                                 sizeof(basicInfo2)); //__in  DWORD dwBufferSize
-                    return;
-                }
-        }
-#endif
-
-        std::wstring errorMsg = replaceCpy(_("Cannot write modification time of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(filePath));
-
-        //add more meaningful message: FAT accepts only a subset of the NTFS date range
-        if (ec == ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER)
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN_VISTA_AND_LATER
-            if (getFatType(hFile) != FatType::NONE) //exFAT has the same date range like FAT/FAT32: http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4051
-#else
-            if (getFatType(filePath) != FatType::NONE)
-#endif
-            {
-                //let's not fail due to an invalid creation time on FAT: http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2278
-                if (creationTime) //retry (single-level recursion at most!)
-                    return setFileTimeByHandle(hFile, nullptr, lastWriteTime, filePath); //throw FileError
-
-                //if the ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER is due to an invalid date, enhance message:
-                const LARGE_INTEGER writeTimeInt = toLargeInteger(lastWriteTime);
-                if (writeTimeInt.QuadPart <  0x01a8e79fe1d58000 || //1980-01-01 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_formatting_and_storage_bugs#Year_2100
-                    writeTimeInt.QuadPart >= 0x022f716377640000)   //2100-01-01
-                {
-                    errorMsg += L"\nA FAT volume can only store dates from 1980 to 2099:\n" "\twrite time (UTC):";
-                    SYSTEMTIME st = {};
-                    if (::FileTimeToSystemTime(&lastWriteTime, //__in   const FILETIME *lpFileTime,
-                                               &st))           //__out  LPSYSTEMTIME lpSystemTime
-                    {
-                        //we need a low-level reliable routine to format a potentially invalid date => don't use strftime!!!
-                        int bufferSize = ::GetDateFormat(LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, 0, &st, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
-                        if (bufferSize > 0)
-                        {
-                            std::vector<wchar_t> buffer(bufferSize);
-                            if (::GetDateFormat(LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, //_In_       LCID Locale,
-                                                0,                   //_In_       DWORD dwFlags,
-                                                &st,                 //_In_opt_   const SYSTEMTIME *lpDate,
-                                                nullptr,             //_In_opt_   LPCTSTR lpFormat,
-                                                &buffer[0],          //_Out_opt_  LPTSTR lpDateStr,
-                                                bufferSize) > 0)     //_In_       int cchDate
-                                errorMsg += std::wstring(L" ") + &buffer[0]; //GetDateFormat() returns char count *including* 0-termination!
-                        }
-
-                        bufferSize = ::GetTimeFormat(LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, 0, &st, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
-                        if (bufferSize > 0)
-                        {
-                            std::vector<wchar_t> buffer(bufferSize);
-                            if (::GetTimeFormat(LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, 0, &st, nullptr, &buffer[0], bufferSize) > 0)
-                                errorMsg += std::wstring(L" ") + &buffer[0]; //GetDateFormat() returns char count *including* 0-termination!
-                        }
-                    }
-                    errorMsg += L" (" + numberTo<std::wstring>(writeTimeInt.QuadPart) + L")"; //just in case the above date formatting fails
-                }
-            }
-
-        throw FileError(errorMsg, formatSystemError(L"SetFileTime", ec));
-    }
-}
-
-
-void setWriteTimeNative(const Zstring& itemPath,
-                        const FILETIME& lastWriteTime,
-                        const FILETIME* creationTime, //optional
-                        ProcSymlink procSl) //throw FileError
-{
-    //privilege SE_BACKUP_NAME doesn't seem to be required here for symbolic links
-    //note: setting privileges requires admin rights!
-
-    //opening newly created target file may fail due to some AV-software scanning it: no error, we will wait!
-    //http://support.microsoft.com/?scid=kb%3Ben-us%3B316609&x=17&y=20
-    //-> enable as soon it turns out it is required!
-
-    /*const int retryInterval = 50;
-    const int maxRetries = 2000 / retryInterval;
-    for (int i = 0; i < maxRetries; ++i)
-    {
-    */
-
-    /*
-    if (hTarget == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && ::GetLastError() == ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION)
-        ::Sleep(retryInterval); //wait then retry
-    else //success or unknown failure
-        break;
-    }
-    */
-    //temporarily reset read-only flag if required
-    DWORD attribsToRestore = INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
-    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(
-        if (attribsToRestore != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
-        ::SetFileAttributes(applyLongPathPrefix(itemPath).c_str(), attribsToRestore);
-    );
-
-    auto removeReadonly = [&]() -> bool //throw FileError; may need to remove the readonly-attribute (e.g. on FAT usb drives)
-    {
-        if (attribsToRestore == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
-        {
-            const DWORD attribs = ::GetFileAttributes(applyLongPathPrefix(itemPath).c_str());
-            if (attribs == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
-                THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"GetFileAttributes");
-
-            if (attribs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)
-            {
-                if (!::SetFileAttributes(applyLongPathPrefix(itemPath).c_str(), FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL))
-                    THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"SetFileAttributes");
-
-                attribsToRestore = attribs; //reapplied on scope exit
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    };
-
-    auto openFile = [&](bool conservativeApproach)
-    {
-        return ::CreateFile(applyLongPathPrefix(itemPath).c_str(), //_In_      LPCTSTR lpFileName,
-                            (conservativeApproach ?
-                             //some NAS seem to have issues with FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES: they silently fail later during SetFileTime()!
-                             //http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1093081&aid=3536680&group_id=234430
-                             //Citrix shares seem to have this issue, too, but at least fail with "access denied" => try generic access first:
-                             GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE :
-                             //avoids mysterious "access denied" when using "GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE" on a read-only file, even *after* read-only was removed directly before the call!
-                             //http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1093080&aid=3514569&group_id=234430
-                             //since former gives an error notification we may very well try FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES second.
-                             FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES | FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES),         //_In_      DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
-                            FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE, //_In_      DWORD dwShareMode,
-                            nullptr,                                                //_In_opt_  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
-                            OPEN_EXISTING,                                          //_In_      DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
-                            (procSl == ProcSymlink::DIRECT ? FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT : 0) |
-                            FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, /*needed to open a directory*/ //_In_      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-                            nullptr);                                               //_In_opt_  HANDLE hTemplateFile
-    };
-    {
-        //extra scope for debug check below
-
-        HANDLE hFile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-        for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) //we will get this handle, no matter what! :)
-        {
-            //1. be conservative
-            hFile = openFile(true /*GENERIC_WRITE*/);
-            if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-            {
-                if (::GetLastError() == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) //fails if file is read-only (or for "other" reasons)
-                    if (removeReadonly()) //throw FileError
-                        continue;
-
-                //2. be a *little* fancy
-                hFile = openFile(false /*FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES*/);
-                if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-                {
-                    const DWORD ec = ::GetLastError(); //copy before directly/indirectly making other system calls!
-                    if (ec == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)
-                        if (removeReadonly()) //throw FileError
-                            continue;
-
-                    //3. after these herculean stunts we give up...
-                    throw FileError(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write modification time of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), formatSystemError(L"CreateFile", ec));
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::CloseHandle(hFile));
-
-#if 0 //waiting for user feedback...
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN_VISTA_AND_LATER
-        //bugs, bugs, bugs.... on "SharePoint" SetFileAttributes() seems to affect file modification time: http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=3699
-        //on Vista we can avoid reopening the file (and the SharePoint bug)
-        ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(
-            if (attribsToRestore != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
-    {
-        FILE_BASIC_INFO basicInfo = {};
-        basicInfo.FileAttributes = attribsToRestore;
-        ::SetFileInformationByHandle(hFile,              //__in  HANDLE hFile,
-                                     FileBasicInfo,      //__in  FILE_INFO_BY_HANDLE_CLASS FileInformationClass,
-                                     &basicInfo,         //__in  LPVOID lpFileInformation,
-                                     sizeof(basicInfo)); //__in  DWORD dwBufferSize
-            attribsToRestore = INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
-        }
-        );
-#endif
-#endif
-
-        setFileTimeByHandle(hFile, creationTime, lastWriteTime, itemPath); //throw FileError
-    }
-#ifndef NDEBUG //verify written data
-    FILETIME creationTimeDbg  = {};
-    FILETIME lastWriteTimeDbg = {};
-
-    HANDLE hFile = ::CreateFile(applyLongPathPrefix(itemPath).c_str(),                  //_In_      LPCTSTR lpFileName,
-                                FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES | FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES,           //_In_      DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
-                                FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE, //_In_      DWORD dwShareMode,
-                                nullptr,                                                //_In_opt_  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
-                                OPEN_EXISTING,                                          //_In_      DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
-                                (procSl == ProcSymlink::DIRECT ? FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT : 0) |
-                                FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, /*needed to open a directory*/ //_In_      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-                                nullptr);                                               //_In_opt_  HANDLE hTemplateFile
-    assert(hFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
-    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::CloseHandle(hFile));
-
-    assert(::GetFileTime(hFile, //probably more up to date than GetFileAttributesEx()!?
-                         &creationTimeDbg,
-                         nullptr,
-                         &lastWriteTimeDbg));
-
-    assert(std::abs(filetimeToTimeT(lastWriteTimeDbg) - filetimeToTimeT(lastWriteTime)) <= 2); //respect 2 second FAT/FAT32 precision
-    //assert(std::abs(filetimeToTimeT(creationTimeDbg ) - filetimeToTimeT(creationTime )) <= 2); -> creation time not available for Linux-hosted Samba shares!
-#endif
-}
-
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX
-void setWriteTimeNative(const Zstring& itemPath, const struct ::timespec& modTime, ProcSymlink procSl) //throw FileError
-{
-    /*
-    [2013-05-01] sigh, we can't use utimensat() on NTFS volumes on Ubuntu: silent failure!!! what morons are programming this shit???
-    => fallback to "retarded-idiot version"! -- DarkByte
-
-    [2015-03-09]
-     - cannot reproduce issues with NTFS and utimensat() on Ubuntu
-     - utimensat() is supposed to obsolete utime/utimes and is also used by "cp" and "touch"
-        => let's give utimensat another chance:
-        using open()/futimens() for regular files and utimensat(AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) for symlinks is consistent with "cp" and "touch"!
-    */
-    struct ::timespec newTimes[2] = {};
-    newTimes[0].tv_sec = ::time(nullptr); //access time; using UTIME_OMIT for tv_nsec would trigger even more bugs: http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1701
-    newTimes[1] = modTime; //modification time
-
-    if (procSl == ProcSymlink::FOLLOW)
-    {
-        //hell knows why files on gvfs-mounted Samba shares fail to open(O_WRONLY) returning EOPNOTSUPP:
-        //http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2803 => utimensat() works
-        if (::utimensat(AT_FDCWD, itemPath.c_str(), newTimes, 0) == 0)
-            return;
-
-        //in other cases utimensat() returns EINVAL for CIFS/NTFS drives, but open+futimens works: http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=387
-        const int fdFile = ::open(itemPath.c_str(), O_WRONLY);
-        if (fdFile == -1)
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write modification time of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"open");
-        ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::close(fdFile));
-
-        if (::futimens(fdFile, newTimes) != 0)
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write modification time of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"futimens");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (::utimensat(AT_FDCWD, itemPath.c_str(), newTimes, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) != 0)
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write modification time of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"utimensat");
-    }
-}
-
-
-#elif defined ZEN_MAC
-struct AttrBufFileTimes
-{
-    std::uint32_t length = 0;
-    struct ::timespec createTime = {}; //keep order; see docs!
-    struct ::timespec writeTime  = {}; //
-}  __attribute__((aligned(4), packed));
-
-
-void setWriteTimeNative(const Zstring& itemPath,
-                        const struct ::timespec& writeTime,
-                        const struct ::timespec* createTime, //optional
-                        ProcSymlink procSl) //throw FileError
-{
-    //OS X: utime() is obsoleted by utimes()! utimensat() not yet implemented
-    //use ::setattrlist() instead of ::utimes() => 1. set file creation times 2. nanosecond precision
-    //https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man2/setattrlist.2.html
-
-    struct ::attrlist attribs = {};
-    attribs.bitmapcount = ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT;
-    attribs.commonattr = (createTime ? ATTR_CMN_CRTIME : 0) | ATTR_CMN_MODTIME;
-
-    AttrBufFileTimes attrBuf;
-    if (createTime)
-    {
-        attrBuf.createTime.tv_sec  = createTime->tv_sec;
-        attrBuf.createTime.tv_nsec = createTime->tv_nsec;
-    }
-    attrBuf.writeTime.tv_sec  = writeTime.tv_sec;
-    attrBuf.writeTime.tv_nsec = writeTime.tv_nsec;
-
-    const int rv = ::setattrlist(itemPath.c_str(), //const char* path,
-                                 &attribs,         //struct ::attrlist* attrList,
-                                 createTime ? &attrBuf.createTime : &attrBuf.writeTime,                     //void* attrBuf,
-                                 (createTime ? sizeof(attrBuf.createTime) : 0) + sizeof(attrBuf.writeTime), //size_t attrBufSize,
-                                 procSl == ProcSymlink::DIRECT ? FSOPT_NOFOLLOW : 0);                         //unsigned long options
-    if (rv != 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write modification time of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"setattrlist");
-}
-
-/*
-void getFileTimeRaw(int fd, //throw FileError
-                    const Zstring& itemPath, //for error reporting only
-                    struct ::timespec& createTime, //out
-                    struct ::timespec& writeTime)  //
-{
-    //https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man2/getattrlist.2.html
-    struct ::attrlist attribs = {};
-    attribs.bitmapcount = ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT;
-    attribs.commonattr = ATTR_CMN_CRTIME | ATTR_CMN_MODTIME;
-
-    AttrBufFileTimes attrBuf;
-
-    const int rv = ::fgetattrlist(fd,              //int fd,
-                                  &attribs,        //struct ::attrlist* attrList,
-                                  &attrBuf,        //void* attrBuf,
-                                  sizeof(attrBuf), //size_t attrBufSize,
-                                  0);              //unsigned long options
-    if (rv != 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"fgetattrlist");
-
-    createTime.tv_sec  = attrBuf.createTime.tv_sec;
-    createTime.tv_nsec = attrBuf.createTime.tv_nsec;
-    writeTime.tv_sec   = attrBuf.writeTime.tv_sec;
-    writeTime.tv_nsec  = attrBuf.writeTime.tv_nsec;
-}
-*/
-
-//PERF: ~10µs per call for "int fd" variant (irrespective if file is local or on mounted USB; test case: 3000 files)
-bool hasNativeSupportForExtendedAtrributes(const Zstring& filePath, //throw FileError
-                                           int fd = -1) //speed up!?
-{
-    struct ::statfs volInfo = {};
-    if ((fd != -1 ? ::fstatfs(fd, &volInfo) : ::statfs(filePath.c_str(), &volInfo)) != 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(filePath)), fd != -1 ? L"fstatfs" : L"statfs");
-
-    struct ::attrlist attribs = {};
-    attribs.bitmapcount = ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT;
-    attribs.volattr = ATTR_VOL_INFO | ATTR_VOL_CAPABILITIES;
-
-    struct
-    {
-        std::uint32_t length = 0;
-        vol_capabilities_attr_t volCaps{};
-    }  __attribute__((aligned(4), packed)) attrBuf;
-
-    const int rv = ::getattrlist(volInfo.f_mntonname, //const char* path,
-                                 &attribs,            //struct ::attrlist* attrList,
-                                 &attrBuf,            //void* attrBuf,
-                                 sizeof(attrBuf),     //size_t attrBufSize,
-                                 0);                  //unsigned long options
-    if (rv != 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(volInfo.f_mntonname)), L"getattrlist");
-
-    return (attrBuf.volCaps.valid       [VOL_CAPABILITIES_INTERFACES] & VOL_CAP_INT_EXTENDED_ATTR) != 0 &&
-           (attrBuf.volCaps.capabilities[VOL_CAPABILITIES_INTERFACES] & VOL_CAP_INT_EXTENDED_ATTR) != 0;
-}
-#endif
-}
-
-
-void zen::setFileTime(const Zstring& filePath, std::int64_t modTime, ProcSymlink procSl) //throw FileError
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    setWriteTimeNative(filePath, timetToFileTime(modTime), nullptr, procSl); //throw FileError
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX
-    struct ::timespec writeTime = {};
-    writeTime.tv_sec = modTime;
-    setWriteTimeNative(filePath, writeTime, procSl); //throw FileError
-
-#elif defined ZEN_MAC
-    struct ::timespec writeTime = {};
-    writeTime.tv_sec = modTime;
-    setWriteTimeNative(filePath, writeTime, nullptr, procSl); //throw FileError
-#endif
-}
-
-
-bool zen::supportsPermissions(const Zstring& dirPath) //throw FileError
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    const DWORD bufferSize = MAX_PATH + 1;
-    std::vector<wchar_t> buffer(bufferSize);
-
-    if (!::GetVolumePathName(dirPath.c_str(), //__in   LPCTSTR lpszFileName,
-                             &buffer[0],      //__out  LPTSTR lpszVolumePathName,
-                             bufferSize))     //__in   DWORD cchBufferLength
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(dirPath)), L"GetVolumePathName");
-
-    const Zstring volumePath = appendSeparator(&buffer[0]);
-
-    DWORD fsFlags = 0;
-    if (!::GetVolumeInformation(volumePath.c_str(), //__in_opt   LPCTSTR lpRootPathName,
-                                nullptr,    //__out      LPTSTR  lpVolumeNameBuffer,
-                                0,          //__in       DWORD   nVolumeNameSize,
-                                nullptr,    //__out_opt  LPDWORD lpVolumeSerialNumber,
-                                nullptr,    //__out_opt  LPDWORD lpMaximumComponentLength,
-                                &fsFlags,   //__out_opt  LPDWORD lpFileSystemFlags,
-                                nullptr,    //__out      LPTSTR  lpFileSystemNameBuffer,
-                                0))         //__in       DWORD   nFileSystemNameSize
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(dirPath)), L"GetVolumeInformation");
-
-    return (fsFlags & FILE_PERSISTENT_ACLS) != 0;
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    return true;
-#endif
-}
-
-
-namespace
-{
-#ifdef HAVE_SELINUX
-//copy SELinux security context
-void copySecurityContext(const Zstring& source, const Zstring& target, ProcSymlink procSl) //throw FileError
-{
-    security_context_t contextSource = nullptr;
-    const int rv = procSl == ProcSymlink::FOLLOW ?
-                   ::getfilecon(source.c_str(), &contextSource) :
-                   ::lgetfilecon(source.c_str(), &contextSource);
-    if (rv < 0)
-    {
-        if (errno == ENODATA ||  //no security context (allegedly) is not an error condition on SELinux
-            errno == EOPNOTSUPP) //extended attributes are not supported by the filesystem
-            return;
-
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read security context of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(source)), L"getfilecon");
-    }
-    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::freecon(contextSource));
-
-    {
-        security_context_t contextTarget = nullptr;
-        const int rv2 = procSl == ProcSymlink::FOLLOW ?
-                        ::getfilecon(target.c_str(), &contextTarget) :
-                        ::lgetfilecon(target.c_str(), &contextTarget);
-        if (rv2 < 0)
-        {
-            if (errno == EOPNOTSUPP)
-                return;
-            //else: still try to set security context
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::freecon(contextTarget));
-
-            if (::strcmp(contextSource, contextTarget) == 0) //nothing to do
-                return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    const int rv3 = procSl == ProcSymlink::FOLLOW ?
-                    ::setfilecon(target.c_str(), contextSource) :
-                    ::lsetfilecon(target.c_str(), contextSource);
-    if (rv3 < 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write security context of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(target)), L"setfilecon");
-}
-#endif
-
-
-//copy permissions for files, directories or symbolic links: requires admin rights
-void copyItemPermissions(const Zstring& sourcePath, const Zstring& targetPath, ProcSymlink procSl) //throw FileError
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    //in contrast to ::SetSecurityInfo(), ::SetFileSecurity() seems to honor the "inherit DACL/SACL" flags
-    //CAVEAT: if a file system does not support ACLs, GetFileSecurity() will return successfully with a *valid* security descriptor containing *no* ACL entries!
-
-    const bool isSymlinkSource = getItemType(sourcePath) == ItemType::SYMLINK; //throw FileError
-    const bool isSymlinkTarget = getItemType(targetPath) == ItemType::SYMLINK; //throw FileError
-
-    //NOTE: ::GetFileSecurity()/::SetFileSecurity() do NOT follow Symlinks! getResolvedSymlinkPath() requires Vista or later!
-    const Zstring sourceResolved = procSl == ProcSymlink::FOLLOW && isSymlinkSource ? getResolvedSymlinkPath(sourcePath) : sourcePath; //throw FileError
-    const Zstring targetResolved = procSl == ProcSymlink::FOLLOW && isSymlinkTarget ? getResolvedSymlinkPath(targetPath) : targetPath; //
-
-    //setting privileges requires admin rights!
-    try
-    {
-        //enable privilege: required to read/write SACL information (only)
-        activatePrivilege(PrivilegeName::SECURITY); //throw FileError
-        //Note: trying to copy SACL (SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION) may return ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD (1314) on Samba shares. This is not due to missing privileges!
-        //However, this is okay, since copying NTFS permissions doesn't make sense in this case anyway
-
-        //the following privilege may be required according to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364399 (although not needed nor active in my tests)
-        activatePrivilege(PrivilegeName::BACKUP); //throw FileError
-
-        //enable privilege: required to copy owner information
-        activatePrivilege(PrivilegeName::RESTORE); //throw FileError
-    }
-    catch (const FileError& e)//add some more context description (e.g. user is not an admin)
-    {
-        throw FileError(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceResolved)), e.toString());
-    }
-
-
-    std::vector<char> buffer(10000); //example of actually required buffer size: 192 bytes
-    for (;;)
-    {
-        DWORD bytesNeeded = 0;
-        if (::GetFileSecurity(applyLongPathPrefix(sourceResolved).c_str(), //__in LPCTSTR lpFileName, -> long path prefix IS needed, although it is NOT mentioned on MSDN!!!
-                              DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION  | SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION | //__in       SECURITY_INFORMATION RequestedInformation,
-                              OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION | GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION,
-                              reinterpret_cast<PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR>(&buffer[0]),     //__out_opt  PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR pSecurityDescriptor,
-                              static_cast<DWORD>(buffer.size()), //__in       DWORD nLength,
-                              &bytesNeeded))                     //__out      LPDWORD lpnLengthNeeded
-            break;
-        //failure: ...
-        if (bytesNeeded > buffer.size())
-            buffer.resize(bytesNeeded);
-        else
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceResolved)), L"GetFileSecurity");
-    }
-    SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR& secDescr = reinterpret_cast<SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR&>(buffer[0]);
-
-    /*
-        SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_CONTROL secCtrl = 0;
-        {
-            DWORD ctrlRev = 0;
-            if (!::GetSecurityDescriptorControl(&secDescr, // __in   PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR pSecurityDescriptor,
-                                                &secCtrl,  // __out  PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_CONTROL pControl,
-                                                &ctrlRev)) //__out  LPDWORD lpdwRevision
-                throw FileErro
-       }
-    //interesting flags:
-    //#define SE_DACL_PRESENT                  (0x0004)
-    //#define SE_SACL_PRESENT                  (0x0010)
-    //#define SE_DACL_PROTECTED                (0x1000)
-    //#define SE_SACL_PROTECTED                (0x2000)
-    */
-
-    if (!::SetFileSecurity(applyLongPathPrefix(targetResolved).c_str(), //__in  LPCTSTR lpFileName, -> long path prefix IS needed, although it is NOT mentioned on MSDN!!!
-                           OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION | GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
-                           DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION  | SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, //__in  SECURITY_INFORMATION SecurityInformation,
-                           &secDescr)) //__in  PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR pSecurityDescriptor
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetResolved)), L"SetFileSecurity");
-
-    /*
-    PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR buffer = nullptr;
-    PSID owner                  = nullptr;
-    PSID group                  = nullptr;
-    PACL dacl                   = nullptr;
-    PACL sacl                   = nullptr;
-
-    //File Security and Access Rights:    https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364399
-    //SECURITY_INFORMATION Access Rights: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa379573
-    const HANDLE hSource = ::CreateFile(applyLongPathPrefix(source).c_str(),
-                                        READ_CONTROL | ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY, //ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY required for SACL access
-                                        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
-                                        nullptr,
-                                        OPEN_EXISTING,
-                                        FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS | (procSl == SymLinkHandling::DIRECT ? FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT : 0), //FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS needed to open a directory
-                                        nullptr);
-    if (hSource == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-        throw FileError
-    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::CloseHandle(hSource));
-
-    //  DWORD rc = ::GetNamedSecurityInfo(const_cast<WCHAR*>(applyLongPathPrefix(source).c_str()), -> does NOT dereference symlinks!
-    DWORD rc = ::GetSecurityInfo(hSource,        //__in       LPTSTR pObjectName,
-                                 SE_FILE_OBJECT, //__in       SE_OBJECT_TYPE ObjectType,
-                                 OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION | GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
-                                 DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION | SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION,  //__in       SECURITY_INFORMATION SecurityInfo,
-                                 &owner,   //__out_opt  PSID *ppsidOwner,
-                                 &group,   //__out_opt  PSID *ppsidGroup,
-                                 &dacl,    //__out_opt  PACL *ppDacl,
-                                 &sacl,    //__out_opt  PACL *ppSacl,
-                                 &buffer); //__out_opt  PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *ppSecurityDescriptor
-    if (rc != ERROR_SUCCESS)
-        throw FileError
-    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::LocalFree(buffer));
-
-    SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_CONTROL secCtrl = 0;
-    {
-    DWORD ctrlRev = 0;
-    if (!::GetSecurityDescriptorControl(buffer, // __in   PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR pSecurityDescriptor,
-    &secCtrl, // __out  PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_CONTROL pControl,
-    &ctrlRev))//__out  LPDWORD lpdwRevision
-        throw FileError
-    }
-
-    //may need to remove the readonly-attribute
-    FileUpdateHandle targetHandle(target, [=]
-    {
-        return ::CreateFile(applyLongPathPrefix(target).c_str(),                              // lpFileName
-                            GENERIC_WRITE | WRITE_OWNER | WRITE_DAC | ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY, // dwDesiredAccess: all four seem to be required!!!
-                            FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,           // dwShareMode
-                            nullptr,                       // lpSecurityAttributes
-                            OPEN_EXISTING,              // dwCreationDisposition
-                            FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS | (procSl == SymLinkHandling::DIRECT ? FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT : 0), // dwFlagsAndAttributes
-                            nullptr);                        // hTemplateFile
-    });
-
-    if (targetHandle.get() == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-        throw FileError
-
-        SECURITY_INFORMATION secFlags = OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION | GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION | DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION | SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION;
-
-        //SACL/DACL inheritence flag is NOT copied by default: we have to tell ::SetSecurityInfo(() to enable/disable it manually!
-        //if (secCtrl & SE_DACL_PRESENT)
-        secFlags |= (secCtrl & SE_DACL_PROTECTED) ? PROTECTED_DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION : UNPROTECTED_DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION;
-        //if (secCtrl & SE_SACL_PRESENT)
-        secFlags |= (secCtrl & SE_SACL_PROTECTED) ? PROTECTED_SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION : UNPROTECTED_SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION;
-
-
-    //  rc = ::SetNamedSecurityInfo(const_cast<WCHAR*>(applyLongPathPrefix(target).c_str()), //__in      LPTSTR pObjectName, -> does NOT dereference symlinks!
-    rc = ::SetSecurityInfo(targetHandle.get(), //__in      LPTSTR pObjectName,
-                           SE_FILE_OBJECT,     //__in      SE_OBJECT_TYPE ObjectType,
-                           secFlags, //__in      SECURITY_INFORMATION SecurityInfo,
-                           owner, //__in_opt  PSID psidOwner,
-                           group, //__in_opt  PSID psidGroup,
-                           dacl,  //__in_opt  PACL pDacl,
-                           sacl); //__in_opt  PACL pSacl
-
-    if (rc != ERROR_SUCCESS)
-        throw FileError
-            */
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX
-
-#ifdef HAVE_SELINUX  //copy SELinux security context
-    copySecurityContext(sourcePath, targetPath, procSl); //throw FileError
-#endif
-
-    struct ::stat fileInfo = {};
-    if (procSl == ProcSymlink::FOLLOW)
-    {
-        if (::stat(sourcePath.c_str(), &fileInfo) != 0)
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourcePath)), L"stat");
-
-        if (::chown(targetPath.c_str(), fileInfo.st_uid, fileInfo.st_gid) != 0) // may require admin rights!
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetPath)), L"chown");
-
-        if (::chmod(targetPath.c_str(), fileInfo.st_mode) != 0)
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetPath)), L"chmod");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (::lstat(sourcePath.c_str(), &fileInfo) != 0)
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourcePath)), L"lstat");
-
-        if (::lchown(targetPath.c_str(), fileInfo.st_uid, fileInfo.st_gid) != 0) // may require admin rights!
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetPath)), L"lchown");
-
-        const bool isSymlinkTarget = getItemType(targetPath) == ItemType::SYMLINK; //throw FileError
-        if (!isSymlinkTarget && //setting access permissions doesn't make sense for symlinks on Linux: there is no lchmod()
-            ::chmod(targetPath.c_str(), fileInfo.st_mode) != 0)
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetPath)), L"chmod");
-    }
-
-#elif defined ZEN_MAC
-    copyfile_flags_t flags = COPYFILE_ACL | COPYFILE_STAT; //unfortunately COPYFILE_STAT copies modtime, too!
-    if (procSl == ProcSymlink::DIRECT)
-        flags |= COPYFILE_NOFOLLOW;
-
-    if (::copyfile(sourcePath.c_str(), targetPath.c_str(), nullptr, flags) != 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(replaceCpy(_("Cannot copy permissions from %x to %y."), L"%x", L"\n" + fmtPath(sourcePath)), L"%y", L"\n" + fmtPath(targetPath)), L"copyfile");
-
-    //owner is *not* copied with ::copyfile():
-
-    struct ::stat fileInfo = {};
-    if (procSl == ProcSymlink::FOLLOW)
-    {
-        if (::stat(sourcePath.c_str(), &fileInfo) != 0)
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourcePath)), L"stat");
-
-        if (::chown(targetPath.c_str(), fileInfo.st_uid, fileInfo.st_gid) != 0) // may require admin rights!
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetPath)), L"chown");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (::lstat(sourcePath.c_str(), &fileInfo) != 0)
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourcePath)), L"lstat");
-
-        if (::lchown(targetPath.c_str(), fileInfo.st_uid, fileInfo.st_gid) != 0) // may require admin rights!
-            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetPath)), L"lchown");
-    }
-#endif
-}
-}
-
-
-void zen::createDirectoryIfMissingRecursion(const Zstring& dirPath) //throw FileError
-{
-    if (!getParentFolderPath(dirPath)) //device root
-        return static_cast<void>(/*ItemType =*/ getItemType(dirPath)); //throw FileError
-
-    try
-    {
-        copyNewDirectory(Zstring(), dirPath, false /*copyFilePermissions*/); //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting
-    }
-    catch (FileError&)
-    {
-        Opt<PathDetails> pd;
-        try { pd = getPathDetails(dirPath); /*throw FileError*/ }
-        catch (FileError&) {} //previous exception is more relevant
-
-        if (pd && pd->existingType != ItemType::FILE)
-        {
-            Zstring intermediatePath = pd->existingPath;
-            for (const Zstring& itemName : pd->relPath)
-            {
-                intermediatePath = appendSeparator(intermediatePath) + itemName;
-                copyNewDirectory(Zstring(), intermediatePath, false /*copyFilePermissions*/); //throw FileError, (ErrorTargetExisting)
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-        throw;
-    }
-}
-
-
-//source path is optional (may be empty)
-void zen::copyNewDirectory(const Zstring& sourcePath, const Zstring& targetPath, //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting
-                           bool copyFilePermissions)
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    auto getErrorMsg = [](const Zstring& path) { return replaceCpy(_("Cannot create directory %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(path)); };
-
-    //deliberately don't support creating irregular folders like "...." https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windows/en-US/ffee2322-bb6b-4fdf-86f9-8f93cf1fa6cb/
-    if (endsWith(targetPath, L' ') ||
-        endsWith(targetPath, L'.'))
-        throw FileError(getErrorMsg(targetPath), replaceCpy(_("%x is not a regular directory name."), L"%x", fmtPath(afterLast(targetPath, FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR, IF_MISSING_RETURN_ALL))));
-
-    //don't use ::CreateDirectoryEx:
-    //- it may fail with "wrong parameter (error code 87)" when source is on mapped online storage
-    //- automatically copies symbolic links if encountered: unfortunately it doesn't copy symlinks over network shares but silently creates empty folders instead (on XP)!
-    //- it isn't able to copy most junctions because of missing permissions (although target path can be retrieved alternatively!)
-    if (!::CreateDirectory(applyLongPathPrefixCreateDir(targetPath).c_str(), //__in      LPCTSTR lpPathName,
-                           nullptr))                                         //__in_opt  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes
-    {
-        DWORD ec = ::GetLastError(); //copy before directly/indirectly making other system calls!
-
-        //handle issues with already existing short 8.3 file names on Windows
-        if (ec == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS)
-            if (have8dot3NameClash(targetPath))
-            {
-                Fix8Dot3NameClash dummy(targetPath); //throw FileError; move clashing object to the side
-
-                //now try again...
-                if (::CreateDirectory(applyLongPathPrefixCreateDir(targetPath).c_str(), nullptr))
-                    ec = ERROR_SUCCESS;
-                else
-                    ec = ::GetLastError();
-            }
-
-        if (ec != ERROR_SUCCESS)
-        {
-            const std::wstring errorDescr = formatSystemError(L"CreateDirectory", ec);
-
-            if (ec == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS)
-                throw ErrorTargetExisting(getErrorMsg(targetPath), errorDescr);
-            //else if (ec == ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND || //the ususal suspect
-            //         ec == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) //Webdav incorrectly returns this one: http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4053
-            //    throw ErrorTargetPathMissing(getErrorMsg(targetPath), errorDescr);
-            throw FileError(getErrorMsg(targetPath), errorDescr);
-        }
-    }
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    mode_t mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO; //0777, default for newly created directories
-
-    struct ::stat dirInfo = {};
-    if (!sourcePath.empty())
-        if (::stat(sourcePath.c_str(), &dirInfo) == 0)
-        {
-            mode = dirInfo.st_mode & (S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO); //analog to "cp" which copies "mode" (considering umask) by default
-            mode |= S_IRWXU; //FFS only: we need full access to copy child items! "cp" seems to apply permissions *after* copying child items
-        }
-    //=> need copyItemPermissions() only for "chown" and umask-agnostic permissions
-
-    if (::mkdir(targetPath.c_str(), mode) != 0)
-    {
-        const int lastError = errno; //copy before directly or indirectly making other system calls!
-        const std::wstring errorMsg = replaceCpy(_("Cannot create directory %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetPath));
-        const std::wstring errorDescr = formatSystemError(L"mkdir", lastError);
-
-        if (lastError == EEXIST)
-            throw ErrorTargetExisting(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-        //else if (lastError == ENOENT)
-        //    throw ErrorTargetPathMissing(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-        throw FileError(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-    }
-#endif
-
-    if (!sourcePath.empty())
-    {
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-        //optional: try to copy file attributes (dereference symlinks and junctions)
-        const HANDLE hDirSrc = ::CreateFile(zen::applyLongPathPrefix(sourcePath).c_str(),          //_In_      LPCTSTR lpFileName,
-                                            0,                                                      //_In_      DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
-                                            FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE, //_In_      DWORD dwShareMode,
-                                            nullptr,                                                //_In_opt_  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
-                                            OPEN_EXISTING,                                          //_In_      DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
-                                            // FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT -> no, we follow symlinks!
-                                            FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, /*needed to open a directory*/ //_In_      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-                                            nullptr);                                               //_In_opt_  HANDLE hTemplateFile
-        if (hDirSrc != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) //dereferencing a symbolic link usually fails if it is located on network drive or client is XP: NOT really an error...
-        {
-            ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::CloseHandle(hDirSrc));
-
-            BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION dirInfo = {};
-            if (::GetFileInformationByHandle(hDirSrc, &dirInfo))
-            {
-                ::SetFileAttributes(applyLongPathPrefix(targetPath).c_str(), dirInfo.dwFileAttributes);
-                //copy "read-only and system attributes": https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20030930-00/?p=42353/
-
-                const bool isEncrypted  = (dirInfo.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED)  != 0;
-                const bool isCompressed = (dirInfo.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED) != 0;
-
-                if (isEncrypted)
-                    ::EncryptFile(targetPath.c_str()); //seems no long path is required (check passed!)
-
-                HANDLE hDirTrg = ::CreateFile(applyLongPathPrefix(targetPath).c_str(), //_In_      LPCTSTR lpFileName,
-                                              GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,           //_In_      DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
-                                              /*read access required for FSCTL_SET_COMPRESSION*/
-                                              FILE_SHARE_READ  |
-                                              FILE_SHARE_WRITE |
-                                              FILE_SHARE_DELETE,          //_In_      DWORD dwShareMode,
-                                              nullptr,                    //_In_opt_  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
-                                              OPEN_EXISTING,              //_In_      DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
-                                              FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, //_In_      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-                                              nullptr);                   //_In_opt_  HANDLE hTemplateFile
-                if (hDirTrg != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-                {
-                    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::CloseHandle(hDirTrg));
-
-                    if (isCompressed)
-                    {
-                        USHORT cmpState = COMPRESSION_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
-                        DWORD bytesReturned = 0;
-                        /*bool rv = */::DeviceIoControl(hDirTrg,               //_In_         HANDLE hDevice,
-                                                        FSCTL_SET_COMPRESSION, //_In_         DWORD dwIoControlCode,
-                                                        &cmpState,             //_In_opt_     LPVOID lpInBuffer,
-                                                        sizeof(cmpState),      //_In_         DWORD nInBufferSize,
-                                                        nullptr,               //_Out_opt_    LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
-                                                        0,                     //_In_         DWORD nOutBufferSize,
-                                                        &bytesReturned,        //_Out_opt_    LPDWORD lpBytesReturned,
-                                                        nullptr);              //_Inout_opt_  LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
-                    }
-
-                    //(try to) set creation (and modification) time
-                    /*bool rv = */::SetFileTime(hDirTrg,                   //_In_       HANDLE hFile,
-                                                &dirInfo.ftCreationTime,   //_Out_opt_  LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
-                                                nullptr,                   //_Out_opt_  LPFILETIME lpLastAccessTime,
-                                                &dirInfo.ftLastWriteTime); //_Out_opt_  LPFILETIME lpLastWriteTime
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-#elif defined ZEN_MAC
-        if (hasNativeSupportForExtendedAtrributes(targetPath)) //throw FileError
-            ::copyfile(sourcePath.c_str(), targetPath.c_str(), nullptr, COPYFILE_XATTR); //ignore errors, see related comments in copyFileOsSpecific()
-
-        //(try to) set creation (and modification) time
-        if (dirInfo.st_birthtimespec.tv_sec != 0)
-            try
-            {
-                setWriteTimeNative(targetPath, dirInfo.st_mtimespec, &dirInfo.st_birthtimespec, ProcSymlink::FOLLOW); //throw FileError
-                //dirInfo.st_birthtime; -> only seconds-precision
-                //dirInfo.st_mtime;     ->
-            }
-            catch (FileError&) {}
-#endif
-
-        ZEN_ON_SCOPE_FAIL(try { removeDirectoryPlain(targetPath); }
-        catch (FileError&) {});   //ensure cleanup:
-
-        //enforce copying file permissions: it's advertized on GUI...
-        if (copyFilePermissions)
-            copyItemPermissions(sourcePath, targetPath, ProcSymlink::FOLLOW); //throw FileError
-    }
-}
-
-
-void zen::copySymlink(const Zstring& sourceLink, const Zstring& targetLink, bool copyFilePermissions) //throw FileError
-{
-    const Zstring linkPath = getSymlinkTargetRaw(sourceLink); //throw FileError; accept broken symlinks
-
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA sourceAttr = {};
-    if (!::GetFileAttributesEx(applyLongPathPrefix(sourceLink).c_str(), //__in   LPCTSTR lpFileName,
-                               GetFileExInfoStandard,                   //__in   GET_FILEEX_INFO_LEVELS fInfoLevelId,
-                               &sourceAttr))                            //__out  LPVOID lpFileInformation
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceLink)), L"GetFileAttributesEx");
-
-    const bool isDirLink = (sourceAttr.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0;
-
-    using CreateSymbolicLinkFunc = BOOLEAN (WINAPI*)(LPCTSTR lpSymlinkFileName, LPCTSTR lpTargetFileName, DWORD dwFlags);
-    const SysDllFun<CreateSymbolicLinkFunc> createSymbolicLink(L"kernel32.dll", "CreateSymbolicLinkW");
-
-    if (!createSymbolicLink)
-        throw FileError(replaceCpy(replaceCpy(_("Cannot copy symbolic link %x to %y."), L"%x", L"\n" + fmtPath(sourceLink)), L"%y", L"\n" + fmtPath(targetLink)),
-                        replaceCpy(_("Cannot find system function %x."), L"%x", L"\"CreateSymbolicLinkW\""));
-
-    const wchar_t functionName[] = L"CreateSymbolicLinkW";
-    if (!createSymbolicLink(targetLink.c_str(), //__in  LPTSTR lpSymlinkFileName, - seems no long path prefix is required...
-                            linkPath.c_str(),   //__in  LPTSTR lpTargetFileName,
-                            (isDirLink ? SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_DIRECTORY : 0))) //__in  DWORD dwFlags
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-    const wchar_t functionName[] = L"symlink";
-    if (::symlink(linkPath.c_str(), targetLink.c_str()) != 0)
-#endif
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(replaceCpy(_("Cannot copy symbolic link %x to %y."), L"%x", L"\n" + fmtPath(sourceLink)), L"%y", L"\n" + fmtPath(targetLink)), functionName);
-
-    //allow only consistent objects to be created -> don't place before ::symlink, targetLink may already exist!
-    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_FAIL(try { removeSymlinkPlain(targetLink); /*throw FileError*/ }
-    catch (FileError&) {});
-
-    //file times: essential for sync'ing a symlink: enforce this! (don't just try!)
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-    setWriteTimeNative(targetLink, sourceAttr.ftLastWriteTime, &sourceAttr.ftCreationTime, ProcSymlink::DIRECT); //throw FileError
-
-#else
-    struct ::stat sourceInfo = {};
-    if (::lstat(sourceLink.c_str(), &sourceInfo) != 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceLink)), L"lstat");
-
-#ifdef ZEN_LINUX
-    setWriteTimeNative(targetLink, sourceInfo.st_mtim, ProcSymlink::DIRECT); //throw FileError
-#elif defined ZEN_MAC
-    if (hasNativeSupportForExtendedAtrributes(targetLink)) //throw FileError
-        ::copyfile(sourceLink.c_str(), targetLink.c_str(), nullptr, COPYFILE_XATTR | COPYFILE_NOFOLLOW); //ignore errors, see related comments in copyFileOsSpecific()
-
-    setWriteTimeNative(targetLink, sourceInfo.st_mtimespec, &sourceInfo.st_birthtimespec, ProcSymlink::DIRECT); //throw FileError
-#else
-#error WTF
-#endif
-#endif
-
-    if (copyFilePermissions)
-        copyItemPermissions(sourceLink, targetLink, ProcSymlink::DIRECT); //throw FileError
-}
-
-
-namespace
-{
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN
-/*
-            CopyFileEx()    BackupRead()      ReadFile()
-            --------------------------------------------
-Attributes       YES            NO               NO
-create time      NO             NO               NO
-ADS              YES            YES              NO
-Encrypted        YES            NO(silent fail!) NO
-Compressed       NO             NO               NO
-Sparse           NO             YES              NO
-Nonstandard FS   YES                  UNKNOWN    -> error writing ADS to Samba, issues reading from NAS, error copying files having "blocked" state... ect.
-PERF               -                 6% faster
-
-Mark stream as compressed: FSCTL_SET_COMPRESSION - compatible with both BackupRead() and ReadFile()
-
-
-Current support for combinations of NTFS extended attributes:
-
-source attr | tf normal | tf compressed | tf encrypted | handled by
-============|==================================================================
-    ---     |    ---           -C-             E--       copyFileWindowsDefault
-    --S     |    --S           -CS             E-S       copyFileWindowsStream
-    -C-     |    -C-           -C-             E--       copyFileWindowsDefault
-    -CS     |    -CS           -CS             E-S       copyFileWindowsStream
-    E--     |    E--           E--             E--       copyFileWindowsDefault
-    E-S     |    E-- (NOK)     E-- (NOK)       E-- (NOK) copyFileWindowsDefault -> may fail with ERROR_DISK_FULL for large sparse files!!
-
-tf  := target folder
-E   := encrypted
-C   := compressed
-S   := sparse
-NOK := current behavior is not optimal/OK yet.
-
-Note: - if target parent folder is compressed or encrypted, both attributes are added automatically during file creation!
-      - "compressed" and "encrypted" are mutually exclusive: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/223093/en-us
-*/
-
-
-//due to issues on non-NTFS volumes, we should use the copy-as-sparse routine only if required and supported!
-template <class Function>
-bool canCopyAsSparse(DWORD fileAttrSource, Function getTargetFsFlags) //throw ()
-{
-    const bool sourceIsEncrypted = (fileAttrSource & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED)   != 0;
-    const bool sourceIsSparse    = (fileAttrSource & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE) != 0;
-
-    if (sourceIsEncrypted || !sourceIsSparse) //BackupRead() silently fails reading encrypted files!
-        return false; //small perf optimization: don't check "targetFile" if not needed
-
-    DWORD targetFsFlags = 0;
-    if (!getTargetFsFlags(targetFsFlags))
-    {
-        assert(false);
-        return false;
-    }
-    assert(targetFsFlags != 0);
-
-    return (targetFsFlags & FILE_SUPPORTS_SPARSE_FILES) != 0;
-}
-
-
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN_VISTA_AND_LATER
-bool canCopyAsSparse(DWORD fileAttrSource, HANDLE hTargetFile) //throw ()
-{
-    return canCopyAsSparse(fileAttrSource, [&](DWORD& targetFsFlags) -> bool
-    {
-        return ::GetVolumeInformationByHandleW(hTargetFile,    //_In_ HANDLE hFile,
-        nullptr,        //_Out_writes_opt_(nVolumeNameSize) LPWSTR lpVolumeNameBuffer,
-        0,              //_In_ DWORD nVolumeNameSize,
-        nullptr,        //_Out_opt_ LPDWORD lpVolumeSerialNumber,
-        nullptr,        //_Out_opt_ LPDWORD lpMaximumComponentLength,
-        &targetFsFlags, //_Out_opt_ LPDWORD lpFileSystemFlags,
-        nullptr,        //_Out_writes_opt_(nFileSystemNameSize) LPWSTR lpFileSystemNameBuffer,
-        0) != 0;        //_In_ DWORD nFileSystemNameSize
-    });
-}
-#endif
-
-
-bool canCopyAsSparse(DWORD fileAttrSource, const Zstring& targetFile) //throw ()
-{
-    return canCopyAsSparse(fileAttrSource, [&targetFile](DWORD& targetFsFlags) -> bool
-    {
-        const DWORD bufferSize = MAX_PATH + 1;
-        std::vector<wchar_t> buffer(bufferSize);
-
-        //full pathName need not yet exist!
-        if (!::GetVolumePathName(targetFile.c_str(), //__in   LPCTSTR lpszFileName,
-        &buffer[0],         //__out  LPTSTR lpszVolumePathName,
-        bufferSize))        //__in   DWORD cchBufferLength
-            return false;
-
-        const Zstring volumePath = appendSeparator(&buffer[0]);
-
-        return ::GetVolumeInformation(volumePath.c_str(), //__in_opt   LPCTSTR lpRootPathName
-        nullptr,        //__out_opt  LPTSTR lpVolumeNameBuffer,
-        0,              //__in       DWORD nVolumeNameSize,
-        nullptr,        //__out_opt  LPDWORD lpVolumeSerialNumber,
-        nullptr,        //__out_opt  LPDWORD lpMaximumComponentLength,
-        &targetFsFlags, //__out_opt  LPDWORD lpFileSystemFlags,
-        nullptr,        //__out      LPTSTR lpFileSystemNameBuffer,
-        0) != 0;             //__in       DWORD nFileSystemNameSize
-    });
-}
-
-
-bool canCopyAsSparse(const Zstring& sourceFile, const Zstring& targetFile) //throw ()
-{
-    //follow symlinks!
-    HANDLE hSource = ::CreateFile(applyLongPathPrefix(sourceFile).c_str(), //_In_      LPCTSTR lpFileName,
-                                  0,                                       //_In_      DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
-                                  FILE_SHARE_READ  |  //all shared modes are required to read files that are open in other applications
-                                  FILE_SHARE_WRITE |
-                                  FILE_SHARE_DELETE,  //_In_      DWORD dwShareMode,
-                                  nullptr,            //_In_opt_  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
-                                  OPEN_EXISTING,      //_In_      DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
-                                  0,                  //_In_      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-                                  nullptr);           //_In_opt_  HANDLE hTemplateFile
-    if (hSource == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-        return false;
-    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::CloseHandle(hSource));
-
-    BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION sourceInfo = {};
-    if (!::GetFileInformationByHandle(hSource, &sourceInfo))
-        return false;
-
-    return canCopyAsSparse(sourceInfo.dwFileAttributes, targetFile); //throw ()
-}
-
-//=============================================================================================
-
-enum class StreamCopyType
-{
-    READ_FILE,
-    BACKUP_READ,
-};
-
-
-InSyncAttributes copyFileWindowsStream(const Zstring& sourceFile, //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting, ErrorFileLocked
-                                       const Zstring& targetFile,
-                                       StreamCopyType scType,
-                                       const std::function<void(std::int64_t bytesDelta)>& notifyProgress)
-{
-    //try to get backup read and write privileges: help solve most "access denied" errors with FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS:
-    //http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1714
-    try { activatePrivilege(PrivilegeName::BACKUP); }
-    catch (const FileError&) {}
-    try { activatePrivilege(PrivilegeName::RESTORE); }
-    catch (const FileError&) {}
-
-    HANDLE hFileSource = ::CreateFile(applyLongPathPrefix(sourceFile).c_str(), //_In_      LPCTSTR lpFileName,
-                                      GENERIC_READ,                            //_In_      DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
-                                      FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,     //_In_      DWORD dwShareMode,
-                                      nullptr,                                 //_In_opt_  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
-                                      OPEN_EXISTING,                           //_In_      DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
-                                      //FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED must not be used!
-                                      //FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING should not be used!
-                                      FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN |
-                                      FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS,              //_In_      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-                                      nullptr);                                //_In_opt_  HANDLE hTemplateFile
-    if (hFileSource == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-    {
-        const DWORD ec = ::GetLastError(); //copy before directly/indirectly making other system calls!
-
-        const std::wstring errorMsg = replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceFile));
-        std::wstring errorDescr = formatSystemError(L"CreateFile", ec);
-
-        //if file is locked throw "ErrorFileLocked" instead!
-        if (ec == ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION ||
-            ec == ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION)
-        {
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN_VISTA_AND_LATER //(try to) enhance error message
-            const std::wstring procList = vista::getLockingProcesses(sourceFile); //noexcept
-            if (!procList.empty())
-                errorDescr = _("The file is locked by another process:") + L"\n" + procList;
-#endif
-            throw ErrorFileLocked(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-        }
-
-        throw FileError(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-    }
-    FileInput fileIn(hFileSource, sourceFile); //pass ownership
-
-    if (notifyProgress) notifyProgress(0); //throw X!
-
-    //----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION sourceInfo = {};
-    if (!::GetFileInformationByHandle(fileIn.getHandle(), &sourceInfo))
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceFile)), L"GetFileInformationByHandle");
-
-    //encrypted files cannot be read with BackupRead which would fail silently!
-    const bool sourceIsEncrypted = (sourceInfo.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED) != 0;
-    if (sourceIsEncrypted && scType == StreamCopyType::BACKUP_READ)
-        throw FileError(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceFile)), L"BackupRead: Source file is encrypted.");
-    //----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    const DWORD validAttribs = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL   | //"This attribute is valid only if used alone."
-                               FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY |
-                               FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN   |
-                               FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM   |
-                               FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE  |           //those two are not set properly (not worse than ::CopyFileEx())
-                               FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED; //
-    //FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED -> no!
-
-    HANDLE hFileTarget = ::CreateFile(applyLongPathPrefix(targetFile).c_str(), //_In_      LPCTSTR lpFileName,
-                                      GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE | DELETE,   //_In_      DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
-                                      //GENERIC_READ required for FSCTL_SET_COMPRESSION, DELETE for ::SetFileInformationByHandle(),FileDispositionInfo
-                                      FILE_SHARE_DELETE,                       //_In_      DWORD dwShareMode,
-                                      //FILE_SHARE_DELETE is required to rename file while handle is open!
-                                      nullptr,                                 //_In_opt_  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
-                                      CREATE_NEW,                              //_In_      DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
-                                      //FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED must not be used! FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING should not be used!
-                                      (sourceInfo.dwFileAttributes & validAttribs) |
-                                      FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN |              //_In_      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-                                      FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, //-> also required by FSCTL_SET_SPARSE
-                                      nullptr);                                //_In_opt_  HANDLE hTemplateFile
-    if (hFileTarget == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-    {
-        const DWORD ec = ::GetLastError(); //copy before directly/indirectly making other system calls!
-        const std::wstring errorMsg = replaceCpy(_("Cannot write file %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetFile));
-        const std::wstring errorDescr = formatSystemError(L"CreateFile", ec);
-
-        if (ec == ERROR_FILE_EXISTS || //confirmed to be used
-            ec == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS) //comment on msdn claims, this one is used on Windows Mobile 6
-            throw ErrorTargetExisting(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-
-        throw FileError(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-    }
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN_VISTA_AND_LATER
-    FileOutput fileOut(hFileTarget, targetFile); //pass ownership
-
-    //no need for ::DeleteFile(), we already have an open handle! Maybe this also prevents needless buffer-flushing in ::CloseHandle()??? Anyway, same behavior like ::CopyFileEx()
-    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_FAIL
-    (
-        FILE_DISPOSITION_INFO di = {};
-        di.DeleteFile = true;
-        if (!::SetFileInformationByHandle(fileOut.getHandle(), //_In_ HANDLE                    hFile,
-                                          FileDispositionInfo, //_In_ FILE_INFO_BY_HANDLE_CLASS FileInformationClass,
-                                          &di,                 //_In_ LPVOID                    lpFileInformation,
-                                          sizeof(di)))         //_In_ DWORD                     dwBufferSize
-        assert(false);
-    );
-#else
-    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_FAIL(try { removeFilePlain(targetFile); }
-    catch (FileError&) {} );   //transactional behavior: guard just after opening target and before managing hFileTarget
-
-    FileOutput fileOut(hFileTarget, targetFile); //pass ownership
-#endif
-    if (notifyProgress) notifyProgress(0); //throw X!
-
-    //----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION targetInfo = {};
-    if (!::GetFileInformationByHandle(fileOut.getHandle(), &targetInfo))
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetFile)), L"GetFileInformationByHandle");
-
-    //return up-to-date file attributes
-    InSyncAttributes newAttrib;
-    newAttrib.fileSize         = get64BitUInt(sourceInfo.nFileSizeLow, sourceInfo.nFileSizeHigh);
-    newAttrib.modificationTime = filetimeToTimeT(sourceInfo.ftLastWriteTime);
-    newAttrib.sourceFileId     = extractFileId(sourceInfo);
-    newAttrib.targetFileId     = extractFileId(targetInfo);
-
-    //#################### copy NTFS compressed attribute #########################
-    const bool sourceIsCompressed = (sourceInfo.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED) != 0;
-    const bool targetIsCompressed = (targetInfo.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED) != 0; //already set by CreateFile if target parent folder is compressed!
-    if (sourceIsCompressed && !targetIsCompressed)
-    {
-        USHORT cmpState = COMPRESSION_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
-        DWORD bytesReturned = 0;
-        if (!::DeviceIoControl(fileOut.getHandle(),   //_In_         HANDLE hDevice,
-                               FSCTL_SET_COMPRESSION, //_In_         DWORD dwIoControlCode,
-                               &cmpState,             //_In_opt_     LPVOID lpInBuffer,
-                               sizeof(cmpState),      //_In_         DWORD nInBufferSize,
-                               nullptr,               //_Out_opt_    LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
-                               0,                     //_In_         DWORD nOutBufferSize,
-                               &bytesReturned,        //_Out_opt_    LPDWORD lpBytesReturned,
-                               nullptr))              //_Inout_opt_  LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
-        {} //may legitimately fail with ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION if:
-        // - target folder is encrypted
-        // - target volume does not support compressed attribute -> unlikely in this context
-    }
-    //#############################################################################
-
-    //although it seems the sparse attribute is set automatically by BackupWrite, we are required to do this manually: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/271398/en-us
-    //Quote: It is the responsibility of the backup utility to apply file attributes to a file after it is restored by using BackupWrite.
-    //The application should retrieve the attributes by using GetFileAttributes prior to creating a backup with BackupRead.
-    //If a file originally had the sparse attribute (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE), the backup utility must explicitly set the
-    //attribute on the restored file.
-    if (scType == StreamCopyType::BACKUP_READ)
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN_VISTA_AND_LATER
-        if (canCopyAsSparse(sourceInfo.dwFileAttributes, fileOut.getHandle())) //throw ()
-#else
-        if (canCopyAsSparse(sourceInfo.dwFileAttributes, targetFile)) //throw ()
-#endif
-        {
-            DWORD bytesReturned = 0;
-            if (!::DeviceIoControl(fileOut.getHandle(), //_In_         HANDLE hDevice,
-                                   FSCTL_SET_SPARSE,    //_In_         DWORD dwIoControlCode,
-                                   nullptr,             //_In_opt_     LPVOID lpInBuffer,
-                                   0,                   //_In_         DWORD nInBufferSize,
-                                   nullptr,             //_Out_opt_    LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
-                                   0,                   //_In_         DWORD nOutBufferSize,
-                                   &bytesReturned,      //_Out_opt_    LPDWORD lpBytesReturned,
-                                   nullptr))            //_Inout_opt_  LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
-                THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetFile)), L"DeviceIoControl, FSCTL_SET_SPARSE");
-        }
-
-    //----------------------------------------------------------------------
-    if (scType == StreamCopyType::READ_FILE)
-        unbufferedStreamCopy(fileIn, fileOut, notifyProgress); //throw FileError, X
-    else
-    {
-        const DWORD BUFFER_SIZE = std::max(128 * 1024, static_cast<int>(sizeof(WIN32_STREAM_ID))); //must be greater than sizeof(WIN32_STREAM_ID)!
-        std::vector<BYTE> buffer(BUFFER_SIZE);
-
-        LPVOID contextRead  = nullptr; //manage context for BackupRead()/BackupWrite()
-        LPVOID contextWrite = nullptr; //
-
-        ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(
-            if (contextRead ) ::BackupRead (0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, true, false, &contextRead);     //MSDN: "lpContext must be passed [...] all other parameters are ignored."
-            if (contextWrite) ::BackupWrite(0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, true, false, &contextWrite); ); //
-
-        //stream-copy sourceFile to targetFile
-        bool eof = false;
-        bool someBytesRead = false; //try to detect failure reading encrypted files
-        do
-        {
-            DWORD bytesRead = 0;
-            if (!::BackupRead(fileIn.getHandle(), //__in   HANDLE hFile,
-                              &buffer[0],         //__out  LPBYTE lpBuffer,
-                              BUFFER_SIZE,        //__in   DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead,
-                              &bytesRead,         //__out  LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead,
-                              false,              //__in   BOOL bAbort,
-                              false,              //__in   BOOL bProcessSecurity,
-                              &contextRead))      //__out  LPVOID *lpContext
-                THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceFile)), L"BackupRead"); //better use fine-granular error messages "reading/writing"!
-
-            if (bytesRead > BUFFER_SIZE)
-                throw FileError(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceFile)), L"BackupRead: buffer overflow."); //user should never see this
-
-            if (bytesRead < BUFFER_SIZE)
-                eof = true;
-
-            DWORD bytesWritten = 0;
-            if (!::BackupWrite(fileOut.getHandle(), //__in   HANDLE hFile,
-                               &buffer[0],          //__in   LPBYTE lpBuffer,
-                               bytesRead,           //__in   DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite,
-                               &bytesWritten,       //__out  LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesWritten,
-                               false,               //__in   BOOL bAbort,
-                               false,               //__in   BOOL bProcessSecurity,
-                               &contextWrite))      //__out  LPVOID *lpContext
-                THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write file %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetFile)), L"BackupWrite");
-
-            if (bytesWritten != bytesRead)
-                throw FileError(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write file %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetFile)), L"BackupWrite: incomplete write."); //user should never see this
-
-            //total bytes transferred may be larger than file size! context information + ADS or smaller (sparse, compressed)!
-            if (notifyProgress) notifyProgress(bytesRead); //throw X!
-
-            if (bytesRead > 0)
-                someBytesRead = true;
-        }
-        while (!eof);
-
-        //::BackupRead() silently fails reading encrypted files -> double check!
-        if (!someBytesRead && get64BitUInt(sourceInfo.nFileSizeLow, sourceInfo.nFileSizeHigh) != 0U)
-            //note: there is no guaranteed ordering relation beween bytes transferred and file size! Consider ADS (>) and compressed/sparse files (<)!
-            throw FileError(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceFile)), L"BackupRead: unknown error"); //user should never see this -> this method is called only if "canCopyAsSparse()"
-    }
-
-    //time needs to be set at the end: WriteFile/BackupWrite() change modification time
-    setFileTimeByHandle(fileOut.getHandle(), &sourceInfo.ftCreationTime, sourceInfo.ftLastWriteTime, targetFile); //throw FileError
-
-    return newAttrib;
-}
-
-
-DEFINE_NEW_FILE_ERROR(ErrorFallbackToCopyViaBackupRead);
-DEFINE_NEW_FILE_ERROR(ErrorFallbackToCopyViaReadFile);
-
-
-struct CallbackData
-{
-    CallbackData(const std::function<void(std::int64_t bytesDelta)>& notifyProgress,
-                 const Zstring& sourceFile,
-                 const Zstring& targetFile) :
-        sourceFile_(sourceFile),
-        targetFile_(targetFile),
-        notifyProgress_(notifyProgress) {}
-
-    const Zstring& sourceFile_;
-    const Zstring& targetFile_;
-    const std::function<void(std::int64_t bytesDelta)>& notifyProgress_; //optional
-
-    std::exception_ptr exception; //out
-    BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fileInfoSrc{}; //out: modified by CopyFileEx() at beginning
-    BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fileInfoTrg{}; //
-
-    std::int64_t bytesReported = 0; //used internally to calculate bytes transferred delta
-};
-
-
-DWORD CALLBACK copyCallbackInternal(LARGE_INTEGER totalFileSize,
-                                    LARGE_INTEGER totalBytesTransferred,
-                                    LARGE_INTEGER streamSize,
-                                    LARGE_INTEGER streamBytesTransferred,
-                                    DWORD dwStreamNumber,
-                                    DWORD dwCallbackReason,
-                                    HANDLE hSourceFile,
-                                    HANDLE hDestinationFile,
-                                    LPVOID lpData)
-{
-    /*
-    this callback is invoked for block sizes managed by Windows, these may vary from e.g. 64 kB up to 1MB. It seems this depends on file size amongst others.
-    Note: for 0-sized files this callback is invoked just ONCE!
-
-    symlink handling:
-        if source is a symlink and COPY_FILE_COPY_SYMLINK is     specified, this callback is NOT invoked!
-        if source is a symlink and COPY_FILE_COPY_SYMLINK is NOT specified, this callback is called and hSourceFile is a handle to the *target* of the link!
-
-    file time handling:
-        ::CopyFileEx() will (only) copy file modification time over from source file AFTER the last invokation of this callback
-        => it is possible to adapt file creation time of target in here, but NOT file modification time!
-        CAVEAT: if ::CopyFileEx() fails to set modification time, it silently ignores this error and returns success!!! (confirmed with Process Monitor)
-
-    alternate data stream handling:
-        CopyFileEx() processes multiple streams one after another, stream 1 is the file data stream and always available!
-        Each stream is initialized with CALLBACK_STREAM_SWITCH and provides *new* hSourceFile, hDestinationFile.
-        Calling GetFileInformationByHandle() on hDestinationFile for stream > 1 results in ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED!
-        totalBytesTransferred contains size of *all* streams and so can be larger than the "file size" file attribute
-    */
-
-    CallbackData& cbd = *static_cast<CallbackData*>(lpData);
-
-    try
-    {
-        if (dwCallbackReason == CALLBACK_STREAM_SWITCH &&  //called up-front for every file (even if 0-sized)
-            dwStreamNumber == 1) //consider ADS!
-        {
-            //#################### return source file attributes ################################
-            if (!::GetFileInformationByHandle(hSourceFile, &cbd.fileInfoSrc))
-                THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(cbd.sourceFile_)), L"GetFileInformationByHandle");
-
-            if (!::GetFileInformationByHandle(hDestinationFile, &cbd.fileInfoTrg))
-                THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(cbd.targetFile_)), L"GetFileInformationByHandle");
-
-            //#################### switch to sparse file copy if req. #######################
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN_VISTA_AND_LATER
-            if (canCopyAsSparse(cbd.fileInfoSrc.dwFileAttributes, hDestinationFile)) //throw ()
-#else
-            if (canCopyAsSparse(cbd.fileInfoSrc.dwFileAttributes, cbd.targetFile_)) //throw ()
-#endif
-                throw ErrorFallbackToCopyViaBackupRead(L"sparse, callback"); //use a different copy routine!
-
-            //#################### copy file creation time ################################
-            ::SetFileTime(hDestinationFile, &cbd.fileInfoSrc.ftCreationTime, nullptr, nullptr); //no error handling!
-            //=> not really needed here, creation time is set anyway at the end of copyFileWindowsDefault()!
-
-            //#################### copy NTFS compressed attribute #########################
-            const bool sourceIsCompressed = (cbd.fileInfoSrc.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED) != 0;
-            const bool targetIsCompressed = (cbd.fileInfoTrg.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED) != 0; //already set by CopyFileEx if target parent folder is compressed!
-            if (sourceIsCompressed && !targetIsCompressed)
-            {
-                USHORT cmpState = COMPRESSION_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
-                DWORD bytesReturned = 0;
-                if (!::DeviceIoControl(hDestinationFile,      //_In_         HANDLE hDevice,
-                                       FSCTL_SET_COMPRESSION, //_In_         DWORD dwIoControlCode,
-                                       &cmpState,             //_In_opt_     LPVOID lpInBuffer,
-                                       sizeof(cmpState),      //_In_         DWORD nInBufferSize,
-                                       nullptr,               //_Out_opt_    LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
-                                       0,                     //_In_         DWORD nOutBufferSize,
-                                       &bytesReturned,        //_Out_opt_    LPDWORD lpBytesReturned
-                                       nullptr))              //_Inout_opt_  LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
-                {} //may legitimately fail with ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION if:
-                // - target folder is encrypted
-                // - target volume does not support compressed attribute
-                //#############################################################################
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (cbd.notifyProgress_ && totalBytesTransferred.QuadPart >= 0) //should always be true, but let's still check
-        {
-            cbd.notifyProgress_(totalBytesTransferred.QuadPart - cbd.bytesReported); //throw X!
-            cbd.bytesReported = totalBytesTransferred.QuadPart;
-        }
-    }
-    catch (...)
-    {
-        cbd.exception = std::current_exception();
-        return PROGRESS_CANCEL;
-    }
-    return PROGRESS_CONTINUE;
-}
-
-
-InSyncAttributes copyFileWindowsDefault(const Zstring& sourceFile, //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting, ErrorFileLocked,
-                                        const Zstring& targetFile, //      ErrorFallbackToCopyViaReadFile, ErrorFallbackToCopyViaBackupRead
-                                        const std::function<void(std::int64_t bytesDelta)>& notifyProgress)
-{
-    //try to get backup read and write privileges: may help solve some "access denied" errors
-    bool backupPrivilegesActive = true;
-    try { activatePrivilege(PrivilegeName::BACKUP); }
-    catch (const FileError&) { backupPrivilegesActive = false; }
-    try { activatePrivilege(PrivilegeName::RESTORE); }
-    catch (const FileError&) { backupPrivilegesActive = false; }
-
-    auto guardTarget = zen::makeGuard<ScopeGuardRunMode::ON_FAIL>([&] { try { removeFilePlain(targetFile); } catch (FileError&) {} });
-    //transactional behavior: guard just before starting copy, we don't trust ::CopyFileEx(), do we? ;)
-
-    DWORD copyFlags = COPY_FILE_FAIL_IF_EXISTS;
-
-    //encrypted destination is not supported with Windows 2000! -> whatever
-    copyFlags |= COPY_FILE_ALLOW_DECRYPTED_DESTINATION; //allow copying from encrypted to non-encrypted location
-
-    //if (vistaOrLater()) //see https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askperf/2007/05/08/slow-large-file-copy-issues/
-    //  copyFlags |= COPY_FILE_NO_BUFFERING; //no perf difference at worst, improvement for large files (20% in test NTFS -> NTFS)
-    // - this flag may cause file corruption! http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1857
-    // - documentation on CopyFile2() even states: "It is not recommended to pause copies that are using this flag."
-    //=> it's not worth it! instead of skipping buffering at kernel-level (=> also NO prefetching!!!), skip it at user-level: memory mapped files!
-    //   however, perf-measurements for memory mapped files show: it's also not worth it!
-
-    CallbackData cbd(notifyProgress, sourceFile, targetFile);
-
-    const bool success = ::CopyFileEx(applyLongPathPrefix(sourceFile).c_str(), //__in      LPCTSTR lpExistingFileName,
-                                      applyLongPathPrefix(targetFile).c_str(), //__in      LPCTSTR lpNewFileName,
-                                      copyCallbackInternal, //__in_opt  LPPROGRESS_ROUTINE lpProgressRoutine,
-                                      &cbd,                 //__in_opt  LPVOID lpData,
-                                      nullptr,              //__in_opt  LPBOOL pbCancel,
-                                      copyFlags) != FALSE;  //__in      DWORD dwCopyFlags
-    if (cbd.exception)
-        std::rethrow_exception(cbd.exception); //throw X, process errors in callback first!
-
-    if (!success)
-    {
-        const DWORD ec = ::GetLastError(); //copy before directly/indirectly making other system calls!
-
-        //don't suppress "lastError == ERROR_REQUEST_ABORTED": a user-aborted operation IS an error condition!
-
-        //trying to copy huge sparse files may directly fail with ERROR_DISK_FULL before entering the callback function
-        if (canCopyAsSparse(sourceFile, targetFile)) //noexcept
-            throw ErrorFallbackToCopyViaBackupRead(L"sparse, copy failure");
-
-        if (ec == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED && backupPrivilegesActive)
-            //chances are good this will work with copyFileWindowsStream: http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1714
-            throw ErrorFallbackToCopyViaReadFile(L"access denied");
-
-        //- copying ADS may incorrectly fail with ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND: http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=446
-        //- even BackupWrite may fail => use ReadFile: http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2321
-        if (ec == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND &&
-            cbd.fileInfoSrc.nNumberOfLinks > 0 &&
-            cbd.fileInfoTrg.nNumberOfLinks > 0)
-            throw ErrorFallbackToCopyViaReadFile(L"bogus file not found");
-
-        //assemble error message...
-        const std::wstring errorMsg = replaceCpy(replaceCpy(_("Cannot copy file %x to %y."), L"%x", L"\n" + fmtPath(sourceFile)), L"%y", L"\n" + fmtPath(targetFile));
-        std::wstring errorDescr = formatSystemError(L"CopyFileEx", ec);
-
-        //if file is locked throw "ErrorFileLocked" instead!
-        if (ec == ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION ||
-            ec == ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION)
-        {
-#ifdef ZEN_WIN_VISTA_AND_LATER //(try to) enhance error message
-            const std::wstring procList = vista::getLockingProcesses(sourceFile); //noexcept
-            if (!procList.empty())
-                errorDescr = _("The file is locked by another process:") + L"\n" + procList;
-#endif
-            throw ErrorFileLocked(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceFile)), errorDescr);
-        }
-
-        //if target is existing this functions is expected to throw ErrorTargetExisting!!!
-        if (ec == ERROR_FILE_EXISTS || //confirmed to be used
-            ec == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS) //not sure if used -> better be safe than sorry!!!
-        {
-            guardTarget.dismiss(); //don't delete file that existed previously!
-            throw ErrorTargetExisting(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-        }
-
-        //lastError == ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND: could this also be source path missing!?
-
-        try //add more meaningful message
-        {
-            //trying to copy > 4GB file to FAT/FAT32 volume gives obscure ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER (FAT can indeed handle files up to 4 Gig, tested!)
-            if (ec == ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER)
-            {
-                const FatType fatType = getFatType(targetFile);
-                if ((fatType == FatType::FAT ||
-                     fatType == FatType::FAT32) && //no problem for exFAT (limit ca. 128 PB)
-                    getFilesize(sourceFile) >= 4U * std::uint64_t(1024U * 1024 * 1024)) //throw FileError
-                    errorDescr += L"\nFAT volumes cannot store files larger than 4 gigabytes.";
-                //see "Limitations of the FAT32 File System": http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314463/en-us
-            }
-
-            //note: ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER can also occur when copying to a SharePoint server or MS SkyDrive and the target file path is of a restricted type.
-        }
-        catch (FileError&) {}
-
-        throw FileError(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-    }
-
-    //caveat: - ::CopyFileEx() silently *ignores* failure to set modification time!!! => we always need to set it again but with proper error checking!
-    //        - perf: recent measurements show no slow down at all for buffered USB sticks!
-    setWriteTimeNative(targetFile, cbd.fileInfoSrc.ftLastWriteTime, &cbd.fileInfoSrc.ftCreationTime, ProcSymlink::FOLLOW); //throw FileError
-
-    InSyncAttributes newAttrib;
-    newAttrib.fileSize         = get64BitUInt(cbd.fileInfoSrc.nFileSizeLow, cbd.fileInfoSrc.nFileSizeHigh);
-    newAttrib.modificationTime = filetimeToTimeT(cbd.fileInfoSrc.ftLastWriteTime);
-    newAttrib.sourceFileId     = extractFileId(cbd.fileInfoSrc);
-    newAttrib.targetFileId     = extractFileId(cbd.fileInfoTrg);
-    return newAttrib;
-}
-
-
-//another layer to support copying sparse files and handle some access denied errors
-inline
-InSyncAttributes copyFileWindowsSelectRoutine(const Zstring& sourceFile, const Zstring& targetFile, const std::function<void(std::int64_t bytesDelta)>& notifyProgress)
-{
-    try
-    {
-        return copyFileWindowsDefault(sourceFile, targetFile, notifyProgress); //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting, ErrorFileLocked, ErrorFallbackToCopyViaReadFile, ErrorFallbackToCopyViaBackupRead
-    }
-    catch (ErrorFallbackToCopyViaReadFile&)
-    {
-        return copyFileWindowsStream(sourceFile, targetFile, StreamCopyType::READ_FILE, notifyProgress); //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting, ErrorFileLocked
-    }
-    catch (ErrorFallbackToCopyViaBackupRead&)
-    {
-        return copyFileWindowsStream(sourceFile, targetFile, StreamCopyType::BACKUP_READ, notifyProgress); //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting, ErrorFileLocked
-    }
-}
-
-
-//another layer of indirection solving 8.3 name clashes
-inline
-InSyncAttributes copyFileOsSpecific(const Zstring& sourceFile,
-                                    const Zstring& targetFile,
-                                    const std::function<void(std::int64_t bytesDelta)>& notifyProgress)
-{
-    try
-    {
-        return copyFileWindowsSelectRoutine(sourceFile, targetFile, notifyProgress); //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting, ErrorFileLocked
-    }
-    catch (const ErrorTargetExisting&)
-    {
-        //try to handle issues with already existing short 8.3 file names on Windows
-        if (have8dot3NameClash(targetFile))
-        {
-            Fix8Dot3NameClash dummy(targetFile); //throw FileError; move clashing file path to the side
-            return copyFileWindowsSelectRoutine(sourceFile, targetFile, notifyProgress); //throw FileError; the short file path name clash is solved, this should work now
-        }
-        throw;
-    }
-}
-
-
-#elif defined ZEN_LINUX || defined ZEN_MAC
-InSyncAttributes copyFileOsSpecific(const Zstring& sourceFile, //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting
-                                    const Zstring& targetFile,
-                                    const std::function<void(std::int64_t bytesDelta)>& notifyProgress)
-{
-    FileInput fileIn(sourceFile); //throw FileError, (ErrorFileLocked -> Windows-only)
-    if (notifyProgress) notifyProgress(0); //throw X!
-
-    struct ::stat sourceInfo = {};
-    if (::fstat(fileIn.getHandle(), &sourceInfo) != 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceFile)), L"fstat");
-
-    const mode_t mode = sourceInfo.st_mode & (S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO); //analog to "cp" which copies "mode" (considering umask) by default
-    //it seems we don't need S_IWUSR, not even for the setFileTime() below! (tested with source file having different user/group!)
-
-    //=> need copyItemPermissions() only for "chown" and umask-agnostic permissions
-    const int fdTarget = ::open(targetFile.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, mode);
-    if (fdTarget == -1)
-    {
-        const int ec = errno; //copy before making other system calls!
-        const std::wstring errorMsg = replaceCpy(_("Cannot write file %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetFile));
-        const std::wstring errorDescr = formatSystemError(L"open", ec);
-
-        if (ec == EEXIST)
-            throw ErrorTargetExisting(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-
-        throw FileError(errorMsg, errorDescr);
-    }
-    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_FAIL( try { removeFilePlain(targetFile); }
-    catch (FileError&) {} );
-    //transactional behavior: place guard after ::open() and before lifetime of FileOutput:
-    //=> don't delete file that existed previously!!!
-    FileOutput fileOut(fdTarget, targetFile); //pass ownership
-    if (notifyProgress) notifyProgress(0); //throw X!
-
-    unbufferedStreamCopy(fileIn, fileOut, notifyProgress); //throw FileError, X
-
-#ifdef ZEN_MAC
-    //using ::copyfile with COPYFILE_DATA seems to trigger bugs unlike our stream-based copying!
-    //=> use ::copyfile for extended attributes only: http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=401
-    //http://blog.plasticsfuture.org/2006/03/05/the-state-of-backup-and-cloning-tools-under-mac-os-x/
-    //docs:   http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man3/copyfile.3.html
-    //source: http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/copyfile/copyfile-103.92.1/copyfile.c
-
-    //avoid creation of ._ files if target doesn't support extended attributes: http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2226
-    if (hasNativeSupportForExtendedAtrributes(targetFile, fileOut.getHandle())) //throw FileError
-        if (::fcopyfile(fileIn.getHandle(), fileOut.getHandle(), nullptr, COPYFILE_XATTR) != 0)
-            ; //THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(replaceCpy(_("Cannot copy attributes from %x to %y."), L"%x", L"\n" + fmtPath(sourceFile)), L"%y", L"\n" + fmtPath(targetFile)), L"fcopyfile");
-    /*
-    both problems still occur even with the "hasNativeSupportForExtendedAtrributes" check above:
-        E2BIG  - reference email: "Re: FFS V7.8 on Mac with 10.11.2 ElCapitan"
-        EINVAL - reference email: "Error Code 22: Invalid argument (copyfile)"
-    */
-#endif
-    struct ::stat targetInfo = {};
-    if (::fstat(fileOut.getHandle(), &targetInfo) != 0)
-        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetFile)), L"fstat");
-
-    //close output file handle before setting file time; also good place to catch errors when closing stream!
-    fileOut.close(); //throw FileError
-    if (notifyProgress) notifyProgress(0); //throw X!
-
-    //we cannot set the target file times (::futimes) while the file descriptor is still open after a write operation:
-    //this triggers bugs on samba shares where the modification time is set to current time instead.
-    //Linux: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=340236
-    //       http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.linux.file-systems.cifs/2854
-    //OS X:  http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=356
-#ifdef ZEN_MAC
-    setWriteTimeNative(targetFile, sourceInfo.st_mtimespec, &sourceInfo.st_birthtimespec, ProcSymlink::FOLLOW); //throw FileError
-    //sourceInfo.st_birthtime; -> only seconds-precision
-    //sourceInfo.st_mtime;     ->
-#else
-    setWriteTimeNative(targetFile, sourceInfo.st_mtim, ProcSymlink::FOLLOW); //throw FileError
-#endif
-
-    InSyncAttributes newAttrib;
-    newAttrib.fileSize         = sourceInfo.st_size;
-#ifdef  ZEN_MAC
-    newAttrib.modificationTime = sourceInfo.st_mtimespec.tv_sec; //use same time variable like setWriteTimeNative() for consistency
-#else
-    newAttrib.modificationTime = sourceInfo.st_mtim.tv_sec; //
-#endif
-    newAttrib.sourceFileId     = extractFileId(sourceInfo);
-    newAttrib.targetFileId     = extractFileId(targetInfo);
-    return newAttrib;
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
-                    ------------------
-                    |File Copy Layers|
-                    ------------------
-                       copyNewFile
-                            |
-                   copyFileOsSpecific (solve 8.3 issue on Windows)
-                            |
-                  copyFileWindowsSelectRoutine
-                  /                           \
-copyFileWindowsDefault(::CopyFileEx)  copyFileWindowsStream(::BackupRead/::BackupWrite)
-*/
-}
-
-
-InSyncAttributes zen::copyNewFile(const Zstring& sourceFile, const Zstring& targetFile, bool copyFilePermissions, //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting, ErrorFileLocked
-                                  const std::function<void(std::int64_t bytesDelta)>& notifyProgress)
-{
-    const InSyncAttributes attr = copyFileOsSpecific(sourceFile, targetFile, notifyProgress); //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting, ErrorFileLocked
-
-    //at this point we know we created a new file, so it's fine to delete it for cleanup!
-    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_FAIL(try { removeFilePlain(targetFile); }
-    catch (FileError&) {});
-
-    if (copyFilePermissions)
-        copyItemPermissions(sourceFile, targetFile, ProcSymlink::FOLLOW); //throw FileError
-
-    return attr;
-}
+// *****************************************************************************

+// * This file is part of the FreeFileSync project. It is distributed under    *

+// * GNU General Public License: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0           *

+// * Copyright (C) Zenju (zenju AT freefilesync DOT org) - All Rights Reserved *

+// *****************************************************************************

+

+#include "file_access.h"

+#include <map>

+#include <algorithm>

+#include <stdexcept>

+#include "file_traverser.h"

+#include "scope_guard.h"

+#include "symlink_target.h"

+#include "file_id_def.h"

+#include "file_io.h"

+

+    #include <sys/vfs.h> //statfs

+    #include <sys/time.h> //lutimes

+    #ifdef HAVE_SELINUX

+        #include <selinux/selinux.h>

+    #endif

+

+

+    #include <fcntl.h> //open, close, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW, UTIME_OMIT

+    #include <sys/stat.h>

+

+using namespace zen;

+

+

+Opt<PathComponents> zen::getPathComponents(const Zstring& itemPath)

+{

+    if (startsWith(itemPath, "/"))

+    {

+        Zstring relPath(itemPath.c_str() + 1);

+        if (endsWith(relPath, FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR))

+            relPath.pop_back();

+        return PathComponents({ "/", relPath });

+    }

+    //we do NOT support relative paths!

+    return NoValue();

+}

+

+

+

+Opt<Zstring> zen::getParentFolderPath(const Zstring& itemPath)

+{

+    if (const Opt<PathComponents> comp = getPathComponents(itemPath))

+    {

+        if (comp->relPath.empty())

+            return NoValue();

+

+        const Zstring parentRelPath = beforeLast(comp->relPath, FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR, IF_MISSING_RETURN_NONE);

+        if (parentRelPath.empty())

+            return comp->rootPath;

+        return appendSeparator(comp->rootPath) + parentRelPath;

+    }

+    assert(false);

+    return NoValue();

+}

+

+

+ItemType zen::getItemType(const Zstring& itemPath) //throw FileError

+{

+    struct ::stat itemInfo = {};

+    if (::lstat(itemPath.c_str(), &itemInfo) != 0)

+        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"lstat");

+

+    if (S_ISLNK(itemInfo.st_mode))

+        return ItemType::SYMLINK;

+    if (S_ISDIR(itemInfo.st_mode))

+        return ItemType::FOLDER;

+    return ItemType::FILE; //S_ISREG || S_ISCHR || S_ISBLK || S_ISFIFO || S_ISSOCK

+}

+

+

+PathDetails zen::getPathDetails(const Zstring& itemPath) //throw FileError

+{

+    const Opt<Zstring> parentPath = getParentFolderPath(itemPath);

+    try

+    {

+        return { getItemType(itemPath), itemPath, {} }; //throw FileError

+    }

+    catch (FileError&)

+    {

+        if (!parentPath) //device root

+            throw;

+        //else: let's dig deeper... don't bother checking Win32 codes; e.g. not existing item may have the codes:

+        //  ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND, ERROR_INVALID_NAME, ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE,

+        //  ERROR_NOT_READY, ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER, ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME, ERROR_BAD_NETPATH => not reliable

+    }

+    const Zstring itemName = afterLast(itemPath, FILE_NAME_SEPARATOR, IF_MISSING_RETURN_ALL);

+    assert(!itemName.empty());

+

+    PathDetails pd = getPathDetails(*parentPath); //throw FileError

+    if (!pd.relPath.empty())

+    {

+        pd.relPath.push_back(itemName);

+        return { pd.existingType, pd.existingPath, pd.relPath };

+    }

+

+    try

+    {

+        traverseFolder(*parentPath,

+        [&](const FileInfo&    fi) { if (equalFilePath(fi.itemName, itemName)) throw ItemType::FILE; },

+        [&](const FolderInfo&  fi) { if (equalFilePath(fi.itemName, itemName)) throw ItemType::FOLDER; },

+        [&](const SymlinkInfo& si) { if (equalFilePath(si.itemName, itemName)) throw ItemType::SYMLINK; },

+        [](const std::wstring& errorMsg) { throw FileError(errorMsg); });

+

+        return { pd.existingType, *parentPath, { itemName } }; //throw FileError

+    }

+    catch (const ItemType& type) { return { type, itemPath, {} }; } //yes, exceptions for control-flow are bad design... but, but...

+    //we're not CPU-bound here and finding the item after getItemType() previously failed is exceptional (even C:\pagefile.sys should be found)

+}

+

+

+Opt<ItemType> zen::getItemTypeIfExists(const Zstring& itemPath) //throw FileError

+{

+    const PathDetails pd = getPathDetails(itemPath); //throw FileError

+    if (pd.relPath.empty())

+        return pd.existingType;

+    return NoValue();

+}

+

+

+bool zen::fileAvailable(const Zstring& filePath) //noexcept

+{

+    //symbolic links (broken or not) are also treated as existing files!

+    struct ::stat fileInfo = {};

+    if (::stat(filePath.c_str(), &fileInfo) == 0) //follow symlinks!

+        return S_ISREG(fileInfo.st_mode);

+    return false;

+}

+

+

+bool zen::dirAvailable(const Zstring& dirPath) //noexcept

+{

+    //symbolic links (broken or not) are also treated as existing directories!

+    struct ::stat dirInfo = {};

+    if (::stat(dirPath.c_str(), &dirInfo) == 0) //follow symlinks!

+        return S_ISDIR(dirInfo.st_mode);

+    return false;

+}

+

+

+bool zen::itemNotExisting(const Zstring& itemPath)

+{

+    try

+    {

+        return !getItemTypeIfExists(itemPath); //throw FileError

+    }

+    catch (FileError&) { return false; }

+}

+

+

+namespace

+{

+}

+

+

+uint64_t zen::getFileSize(const Zstring& filePath) //throw FileError

+{

+    struct ::stat fileInfo = {};

+    if (::stat(filePath.c_str(), &fileInfo) != 0)

+        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(filePath)), L"stat");

+

+    return fileInfo.st_size;

+}

+

+

+uint64_t zen::getFreeDiskSpace(const Zstring& path) //throw FileError, returns 0 if not available

+{

+    struct ::statfs info = {};

+    if (::statfs(path.c_str(), &info) != 0)

+        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot determine free disk space for %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(path)), L"statfs");

+

+    return static_cast<uint64_t>(info.f_bsize) * info.f_bavail;

+}

+

+

+VolumeId zen::getVolumeId(const Zstring& itemPath) //throw FileError

+{

+    struct ::stat fileInfo = {};

+    if (::stat(itemPath.c_str(), &fileInfo) != 0)

+        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"stat");

+

+    return fileInfo.st_dev;

+}

+

+

+Zstring zen::getTempFolderPath() //throw FileError

+{

+    const char* buf = ::getenv("TMPDIR"); //no extended error reporting

+    if (!buf)

+        throw FileError(_("Cannot get process information."), L"getenv: TMPDIR not found.");

+    return buf;

+}

+

+

+void zen::removeFilePlain(const Zstring& filePath) //throw FileError

+{

+    const wchar_t functionName[] = L"unlink";

+    if (::unlink(filePath.c_str()) != 0)

+    {

+        ErrorCode ec = getLastError(); //copy before directly/indirectly making other system calls!

+        //begin of "regular" error reporting

+        std::wstring errorDescr = formatSystemError(functionName, ec);

+

+        throw FileError(replaceCpy(_("Cannot delete file %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(filePath)), errorDescr);

+    }

+}

+

+

+void zen::removeSymlinkPlain(const Zstring& linkPath) //throw FileError

+{

+    removeFilePlain(linkPath); //throw FileError

+}

+

+

+void zen::removeDirectoryPlain(const Zstring& dirPath) //throw FileError

+{

+    const wchar_t functionName[] = L"rmdir";

+    if (::rmdir(dirPath.c_str()) != 0)

+    {

+        ErrorCode ec = getLastError(); //copy before making other system calls!

+        bool symlinkExists = false;

+        try { symlinkExists = getItemType(dirPath) == ItemType::SYMLINK; } /*throw FileError*/ catch (FileError&) {} //previous exception is more relevant

+

+        if (symlinkExists)

+        {

+            if (::unlink(dirPath.c_str()) != 0)

+                THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot delete directory %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(dirPath)), L"unlink");

+            return;

+        }

+        throw FileError(replaceCpy(_("Cannot delete directory %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(dirPath)), formatSystemError(functionName, ec));

+    }

+    /*

+    Windows: may spuriously fail with ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY(145) even though all child items have

+    successfully been *marked* for deletion, but some application still has a handle open!

+    e.g. Open "C:\Test\Dir1\Dir2" (filled with lots of files) in Explorer, then delete "C:\Test\Dir1" via ::RemoveDirectory() => Error 145

+    Sample code: http://us.generation-nt.com/answer/createfile-directory-handles-removing-parent-help-29126332.html

+    Alternatives: 1. move file/empty folder to some other location, then DeleteFile()/RemoveDirectory()

+                  2. use CreateFile/FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE *without* FILE_SHARE_DELETE instead of DeleteFile() => early failure

+    */

+}

+

+

+namespace

+{

+void removeDirectoryImpl(const Zstring& folderPath) //throw FileError

+{

+    std::vector<Zstring> filePaths;

+    std::vector<Zstring> symlinkPaths;

+    std::vector<Zstring> folderPaths;

+

+    //get all files and directories from current directory (WITHOUT subdirectories!)

+    traverseFolder(folderPath,

+    [&](const FileInfo&    fi) { filePaths   .push_back(fi.fullPath); },

+    [&](const FolderInfo&  fi) { folderPaths .push_back(fi.fullPath); }, //defer recursion => save stack space and allow deletion of extremely deep hierarchies!

+    [&](const SymlinkInfo& si) { symlinkPaths.push_back(si.fullPath); },

+    [](const std::wstring& errorMsg) { throw FileError(errorMsg); });

+

+    for (const Zstring& filePath : filePaths)

+        removeFilePlain(filePath); //throw FileError

+

+    for (const Zstring& symlinkPath : symlinkPaths)

+        removeSymlinkPlain(symlinkPath); //throw FileError

+

+    //delete directories recursively

+    for (const Zstring& subFolderPath : folderPaths)

+        removeDirectoryImpl(subFolderPath); //throw FileError; call recursively to correctly handle symbolic links

+

+    removeDirectoryPlain(folderPath); //throw FileError

+}

+}

+

+

+void zen::removeDirectoryPlainRecursion(const Zstring& dirPath) //throw FileError

+{

+    if (getItemType(dirPath) == ItemType::SYMLINK) //throw FileError

+        removeSymlinkPlain(dirPath); //throw FileError

+    else

+        removeDirectoryImpl(dirPath); //throw FileError

+}

+

+

+namespace

+{

+/* Usage overview: (avoid circular pattern!)

+

+  renameFile()  -->  renameFile_sub()

+      |               /|\

+     \|/               |

+      Fix8Dot3NameClash()

+*/

+//wrapper for file system rename function:

+void renameFile_sub(const Zstring& pathSource, const Zstring& pathTarget) //throw FileError, ErrorDifferentVolume, ErrorTargetExisting

+{

+    //rename() will never fail with EEXIST, but always (atomically) overwrite!

+    //=> equivalent to SetFileInformationByHandle() + FILE_RENAME_INFO::ReplaceIfExists or ::MoveFileEx + MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING

+    //=> Linux: renameat2() with RENAME_NOREPLACE -> still new, probably buggy

+    //=> OS X: no solution

+

+    auto throwException = [&](int ec)

+    {

+        const std::wstring errorMsg = replaceCpy(replaceCpy(_("Cannot move file %x to %y."), L"%x", L"\n" + fmtPath(pathSource)), L"%y", L"\n" + fmtPath(pathTarget));

+        const std::wstring errorDescr = formatSystemError(L"rename", ec);

+

+        if (ec == EXDEV)

+            throw ErrorDifferentVolume(errorMsg, errorDescr);

+        if (ec == EEXIST)

+            throw ErrorTargetExisting(errorMsg, errorDescr);

+        throw FileError(errorMsg, errorDescr);

+    };

+

+    if (!equalFilePath(pathSource, pathTarget)) //exception for OS X: changing file name case is not an "already exists" situation!

+    {

+        bool alreadyExists = true;

+        try {  /*ItemType type = */getItemType(pathTarget); } /*throw FileError*/ catch (FileError&) { alreadyExists = false; }

+

+        if (alreadyExists)

+            throwException(EEXIST);

+        //else: nothing exists or other error (hopefully ::rename will also fail!)

+    }

+

+    if (::rename(pathSource.c_str(), pathTarget.c_str()) != 0)

+        throwException(errno);

+}

+

+

+}

+

+

+//rename file: no copying!!!

+void zen::renameFile(const Zstring& pathSource, const Zstring& pathTarget) //throw FileError, ErrorDifferentVolume, ErrorTargetExisting

+{

+    try

+    {

+        renameFile_sub(pathSource, pathTarget); //throw FileError, ErrorDifferentVolume, ErrorTargetExisting

+    }

+    catch (const ErrorTargetExisting&)

+    {

+        throw;

+    }

+}

+

+

+namespace

+{

+void setWriteTimeNative(const Zstring& itemPath, const struct ::timespec& modTime, ProcSymlink procSl) //throw FileError

+{

+    /*

+    [2013-05-01] sigh, we can't use utimensat() on NTFS volumes on Ubuntu: silent failure!!! what morons are programming this shit???

+    => fallback to "retarded-idiot version"! -- DarkByte

+

+    [2015-03-09]

+     - cannot reproduce issues with NTFS and utimensat() on Ubuntu

+     - utimensat() is supposed to obsolete utime/utimes and is also used by "cp" and "touch"

+        => let's give utimensat another chance:

+        using open()/futimens() for regular files and utimensat(AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) for symlinks is consistent with "cp" and "touch"!

+    */

+    struct ::timespec newTimes[2] = {};

+    newTimes[0].tv_sec = ::time(nullptr); //access time; using UTIME_OMIT for tv_nsec would trigger even more bugs: http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1701

+    newTimes[1] = modTime; //modification time

+

+    if (procSl == ProcSymlink::FOLLOW)

+    {

+        //hell knows why files on gvfs-mounted Samba shares fail to open(O_WRONLY) returning EOPNOTSUPP:

+        //http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2803 => utimensat() works

+        if (::utimensat(AT_FDCWD, itemPath.c_str(), newTimes, 0) == 0)

+            return;

+

+        //in other cases utimensat() returns EINVAL for CIFS/NTFS drives, but open+futimens works: http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=387

+        const int fdFile = ::open(itemPath.c_str(), O_WRONLY);

+        if (fdFile == -1)

+            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write modification time of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"open");

+        ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::close(fdFile));

+

+        if (::futimens(fdFile, newTimes) != 0)

+            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write modification time of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"futimens");

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        if (::utimensat(AT_FDCWD, itemPath.c_str(), newTimes, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) != 0)

+            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write modification time of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(itemPath)), L"utimensat");

+    }

+}

+

+

+}

+

+

+void zen::setFileTime(const Zstring& filePath, int64_t modTime, ProcSymlink procSl) //throw FileError

+{

+    struct ::timespec writeTime = {};

+    writeTime.tv_sec = modTime;

+    setWriteTimeNative(filePath, writeTime, procSl); //throw FileError

+

+}

+

+

+bool zen::supportsPermissions(const Zstring& dirPath) //throw FileError

+{

+    return true;

+}

+

+

+namespace

+{

+#ifdef HAVE_SELINUX

+//copy SELinux security context

+void copySecurityContext(const Zstring& source, const Zstring& target, ProcSymlink procSl) //throw FileError

+{

+    security_context_t contextSource = nullptr;

+    const int rv = procSl == ProcSymlink::FOLLOW ?

+                   ::getfilecon(source.c_str(), &contextSource) :

+                   ::lgetfilecon(source.c_str(), &contextSource);

+    if (rv < 0)

+    {

+        if (errno == ENODATA ||  //no security context (allegedly) is not an error condition on SELinux

+            errno == EOPNOTSUPP) //extended attributes are not supported by the filesystem

+            return;

+

+        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read security context of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(source)), L"getfilecon");

+    }

+    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::freecon(contextSource));

+

+    {

+        security_context_t contextTarget = nullptr;

+        const int rv2 = procSl == ProcSymlink::FOLLOW ?

+                        ::getfilecon(target.c_str(), &contextTarget) :

+                        ::lgetfilecon(target.c_str(), &contextTarget);

+        if (rv2 < 0)

+        {

+            if (errno == EOPNOTSUPP)

+                return;

+            //else: still try to set security context

+        }

+        else

+        {

+            ZEN_ON_SCOPE_EXIT(::freecon(contextTarget));

+

+            if (::strcmp(contextSource, contextTarget) == 0) //nothing to do

+                return;

+        }

+    }

+

+    const int rv3 = procSl == ProcSymlink::FOLLOW ?

+                    ::setfilecon(target.c_str(), contextSource) :

+                    ::lsetfilecon(target.c_str(), contextSource);

+    if (rv3 < 0)

+        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write security context of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(target)), L"setfilecon");

+}

+#endif

+

+

+//copy permissions for files, directories or symbolic links: requires admin rights

+void copyItemPermissions(const Zstring& sourcePath, const Zstring& targetPath, ProcSymlink procSl) //throw FileError

+{

+

+#ifdef HAVE_SELINUX  //copy SELinux security context

+    copySecurityContext(sourcePath, targetPath, procSl); //throw FileError

+#endif

+

+    struct ::stat fileInfo = {};

+    if (procSl == ProcSymlink::FOLLOW)

+    {

+        if (::stat(sourcePath.c_str(), &fileInfo) != 0)

+            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourcePath)), L"stat");

+

+        if (::chown(targetPath.c_str(), fileInfo.st_uid, fileInfo.st_gid) != 0) // may require admin rights!

+            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetPath)), L"chown");

+

+        if (::chmod(targetPath.c_str(), fileInfo.st_mode) != 0)

+            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetPath)), L"chmod");

+    }

+    else

+    {

+        if (::lstat(sourcePath.c_str(), &fileInfo) != 0)

+            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourcePath)), L"lstat");

+

+        if (::lchown(targetPath.c_str(), fileInfo.st_uid, fileInfo.st_gid) != 0) // may require admin rights!

+            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetPath)), L"lchown");

+

+        const bool isSymlinkTarget = getItemType(targetPath) == ItemType::SYMLINK; //throw FileError

+        if (!isSymlinkTarget && //setting access permissions doesn't make sense for symlinks on Linux: there is no lchmod()

+            ::chmod(targetPath.c_str(), fileInfo.st_mode) != 0)

+            THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot write permissions of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetPath)), L"chmod");

+    }

+

+}

+}

+

+

+void zen::createDirectoryIfMissingRecursion(const Zstring& dirPath) //throw FileError

+{

+    if (!getParentFolderPath(dirPath)) //device root

+        return static_cast<void>(/*ItemType =*/ getItemType(dirPath)); //throw FileError

+

+    try

+    {

+        copyNewDirectory(Zstring(), dirPath, false /*copyFilePermissions*/); //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting

+    }

+    catch (FileError&)

+    {

+        Opt<PathDetails> pd;

+        try { pd = getPathDetails(dirPath); /*throw FileError*/ }

+        catch (FileError&) {} //previous exception is more relevant

+

+        if (pd && pd->existingType != ItemType::FILE)

+        {

+            Zstring intermediatePath = pd->existingPath;

+            for (const Zstring& itemName : pd->relPath)

+            {

+                intermediatePath = appendSeparator(intermediatePath) + itemName;

+                copyNewDirectory(Zstring(), intermediatePath, false /*copyFilePermissions*/); //throw FileError, (ErrorTargetExisting)

+            }

+            return;

+        }

+        throw;

+    }

+}

+

+

+//source path is optional (may be empty)

+void zen::copyNewDirectory(const Zstring& sourcePath, const Zstring& targetPath, //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting

+                           bool copyFilePermissions)

+{

+    mode_t mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO; //0777, default for newly created directories

+

+    struct ::stat dirInfo = {};

+    if (!sourcePath.empty())

+        if (::stat(sourcePath.c_str(), &dirInfo) == 0)

+        {

+            mode = dirInfo.st_mode & (S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO); //analog to "cp" which copies "mode" (considering umask) by default

+            mode |= S_IRWXU; //FFS only: we need full access to copy child items! "cp" seems to apply permissions *after* copying child items

+        }

+    //=> need copyItemPermissions() only for "chown" and umask-agnostic permissions

+

+    if (::mkdir(targetPath.c_str(), mode) != 0)

+    {

+        const int lastError = errno; //copy before directly or indirectly making other system calls!

+        const std::wstring errorMsg = replaceCpy(_("Cannot create directory %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetPath));

+        const std::wstring errorDescr = formatSystemError(L"mkdir", lastError);

+

+        if (lastError == EEXIST)

+            throw ErrorTargetExisting(errorMsg, errorDescr);

+        //else if (lastError == ENOENT)

+        //    throw ErrorTargetPathMissing(errorMsg, errorDescr);

+        throw FileError(errorMsg, errorDescr);

+    }

+

+    if (!sourcePath.empty())

+    {

+

+        ZEN_ON_SCOPE_FAIL(try { removeDirectoryPlain(targetPath); }

+        catch (FileError&) {});   //ensure cleanup:

+

+        //enforce copying file permissions: it's advertized on GUI...

+        if (copyFilePermissions)

+            copyItemPermissions(sourcePath, targetPath, ProcSymlink::FOLLOW); //throw FileError

+    }

+}

+

+

+void zen::copySymlink(const Zstring& sourceLink, const Zstring& targetLink, bool copyFilePermissions) //throw FileError

+{

+    const Zstring linkPath = getSymlinkTargetRaw(sourceLink); //throw FileError; accept broken symlinks

+

+    const wchar_t functionName[] = L"symlink";

+    if (::symlink(linkPath.c_str(), targetLink.c_str()) != 0)

+        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(replaceCpy(_("Cannot copy symbolic link %x to %y."), L"%x", L"\n" + fmtPath(sourceLink)), L"%y", L"\n" + fmtPath(targetLink)), functionName);

+

+    //allow only consistent objects to be created -> don't place before ::symlink, targetLink may already exist!

+    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_FAIL(try { removeSymlinkPlain(targetLink); /*throw FileError*/ }

+    catch (FileError&) {});

+

+    //file times: essential for sync'ing a symlink: enforce this! (don't just try!)

+    struct ::stat sourceInfo = {};

+    if (::lstat(sourceLink.c_str(), &sourceInfo) != 0)

+        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceLink)), L"lstat");

+

+    setWriteTimeNative(targetLink, sourceInfo.st_mtim, ProcSymlink::DIRECT); //throw FileError

+

+    if (copyFilePermissions)

+        copyItemPermissions(sourceLink, targetLink, ProcSymlink::DIRECT); //throw FileError

+}

+

+

+namespace

+{

+InSyncAttributes copyFileOsSpecific(const Zstring& sourceFile, //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting

+                                    const Zstring& targetFile,

+                                    const IOCallback& notifyUnbufferedIO)

+{

+    int64_t totalUnbufferedIO = 0;

+

+    FileInput fileIn(sourceFile, IOCallbackDivider(notifyUnbufferedIO, totalUnbufferedIO)); //throw FileError, (ErrorFileLocked -> Windows-only)

+

+    struct ::stat sourceInfo = {};

+    if (::fstat(fileIn.getHandle(), &sourceInfo) != 0)

+        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(sourceFile)), L"fstat");

+

+    const mode_t mode = sourceInfo.st_mode & (S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO); //analog to "cp" which copies "mode" (considering umask) by default

+    //it seems we don't need S_IWUSR, not even for the setFileTime() below! (tested with source file having different user/group!)

+

+    //=> need copyItemPermissions() only for "chown" and umask-agnostic permissions

+    const int fdTarget = ::open(targetFile.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, mode);

+    if (fdTarget == -1)

+    {

+        const int ec = errno; //copy before making other system calls!

+        const std::wstring errorMsg = replaceCpy(_("Cannot write file %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetFile));

+        const std::wstring errorDescr = formatSystemError(L"open", ec);

+

+        if (ec == EEXIST)

+            throw ErrorTargetExisting(errorMsg, errorDescr);

+

+        throw FileError(errorMsg, errorDescr);

+    }

+    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_FAIL( try { removeFilePlain(targetFile); }

+    catch (FileError&) {} );

+    //place guard AFTER ::open() and BEFORE lifetime of FileOutput:

+    //=> don't delete file that existed previously!!!

+    FileOutput fileOut(fdTarget, targetFile, IOCallbackDivider(notifyUnbufferedIO, totalUnbufferedIO)); //pass ownership

+

+    bufferedStreamCopy(fileIn, fileOut); //throw FileError, X

+    fileOut.flushBuffers();              //throw FileError, X

+    struct ::stat targetInfo = {};

+    if (::fstat(fileOut.getHandle(), &targetInfo) != 0)

+        THROW_LAST_FILE_ERROR(replaceCpy(_("Cannot read file attributes of %x."), L"%x", fmtPath(targetFile)), L"fstat");

+

+    //close output file handle before setting file time; also good place to catch errors when closing stream!

+    fileOut.finalize(); //throw FileError, (X)  essentially a close() since  buffers were already flushed

+

+    //we cannot set the target file times (::futimes) while the file descriptor is still open after a write operation:

+    //this triggers bugs on samba shares where the modification time is set to current time instead.

+    //Linux: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=340236

+    //       http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.linux.file-systems.cifs/2854

+    //OS X:  http://www.freefilesync.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=356

+    setWriteTimeNative(targetFile, sourceInfo.st_mtim, ProcSymlink::FOLLOW); //throw FileError

+

+    InSyncAttributes newAttrib;

+    newAttrib.fileSize         = sourceInfo.st_size;

+    newAttrib.modificationTime = sourceInfo.st_mtim.tv_sec; //

+    newAttrib.sourceFileId     = extractFileId(sourceInfo);

+    newAttrib.targetFileId     = extractFileId(targetInfo);

+    return newAttrib;

+}

+

+/*                  ------------------

+                    |File Copy Layers|

+                    ------------------

+                       copyNewFile

+                            |

+                   copyFileOsSpecific (solve 8.3 issue on Windows)

+                            |

+                  copyFileWindowsSelectRoutine

+                  /                           \

+copyFileWindowsDefault(::CopyFileEx)  copyFileWindowsStream(::BackupRead/::BackupWrite)

+*/

+}

+

+

+InSyncAttributes zen::copyNewFile(const Zstring& sourceFile, const Zstring& targetFile, bool copyFilePermissions, //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting, ErrorFileLocked

+                                  const IOCallback& notifyUnbufferedIO)

+{

+    const InSyncAttributes attr = copyFileOsSpecific(sourceFile, targetFile, notifyUnbufferedIO); //throw FileError, ErrorTargetExisting, ErrorFileLocked

+

+    //at this point we know we created a new file, so it's fine to delete it for cleanup!

+    ZEN_ON_SCOPE_FAIL(try { removeFilePlain(targetFile); }

+    catch (FileError&) {});

+

+    if (copyFilePermissions)

+        copyItemPermissions(sourceFile, targetFile, ProcSymlink::FOLLOW); //throw FileError

+

+    return attr;

+}