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authorDaniel Wilhelm <daniel@wili.li>2014-04-18 17:12:17 +0200
committerDaniel Wilhelm <daniel@wili.li>2014-04-18 17:12:17 +0200
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-/** @mainpage
-
-<h1> TinyXML </h1>
-
-TinyXML is a simple, small, C++ XML parser that can be easily
-integrated into other programs.
-
-<h2> What it does. </h2>
-
-In brief, TinyXML parses an XML document, and builds from that a
-Document Object Model (DOM) that can be read, modified, and saved.
-
-XML stands for "eXtensible Markup Language." It allows you to create
-your own document markups. Where HTML does a very good job of marking
-documents for browsers, XML allows you to define any kind of document
-markup, for example a document that describes a "to do" list for an
-organizer application. XML is a very structured and convenient format.
-All those random file formats created to store application data can
-all be replaced with XML. One parser for everything.
-
-The best place for the complete, correct, and quite frankly hard to
-read spec is at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204/">
-http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204/</a>. An intro to XML
-(that I really like) can be found at
-<a href="http://skew.org/xml/tutorial/">http://skew.org/xml/tutorial</a>.
-
-There are different ways to access and interact with XML data.
-TinyXML uses a Document Object Model (DOM), meaning the XML data is parsed
-into a C++ objects that can be browsed and manipulated, and then
-written to disk or another output stream. You can also construct an XML document
-from scratch with C++ objects and write this to disk or another output
-stream.
-
-TinyXML is designed to be easy and fast to learn. It is two headers
-and four cpp files. Simply add these to your project and off you go.
-There is an example file - xmltest.cpp - to get you started.
-
-TinyXML is released under the ZLib license,
-so you can use it in open source or commercial code. The details
-of the license are at the top of every source file.
-
-TinyXML attempts to be a flexible parser, but with truly correct and
-compliant XML output. TinyXML should compile on any reasonably C++
-compliant system. It does not rely on exceptions or RTTI. It can be
-compiled with or without STL support. TinyXML fully supports
-the UTF-8 encoding, and the first 64k character entities.
-
-
-<h2> What it doesn't do. </h2>
-
-TinyXML doesn't parse or use DTDs (Document Type Definitions) or XSLs
-(eXtensible Stylesheet Language.) There are other parsers out there
-(check out www.sourceforge.org, search for XML) that are much more fully
-featured. But they are also much bigger, take longer to set up in
-your project, have a higher learning curve, and often have a more
-restrictive license. If you are working with browsers or have more
-complete XML needs, TinyXML is not the parser for you.
-
-The following DTD syntax will not parse at this time in TinyXML:
-
-@verbatim
- <!DOCTYPE Archiv [
- <!ELEMENT Comment (#PCDATA)>
- ]>
-@endverbatim
-
-because TinyXML sees this as a !DOCTYPE node with an illegally
-embedded !ELEMENT node. This may be addressed in the future.
-
-<h2> Tutorials. </h2>
-
-For the impatient, here is a tutorial to get you going. A great way to get started,
-but it is worth your time to read this (very short) manual completely.
-
-- @subpage tutorial0
-
-<h2> Code Status. </h2>
-
-TinyXML is mature, tested code. It is very stable. If you find
-bugs, please file a bug report on the sourceforge web site
-(www.sourceforge.net/projects/tinyxml). We'll get them straightened
-out as soon as possible.
-
-There are some areas of improvement; please check sourceforge if you are
-interested in working on TinyXML.
-
-<h2> Related Projects </h2>
-
-TinyXML projects you may find useful! (Descriptions provided by the projects.)
-
-<ul>
-<li> <b>TinyXPath</b> (http://tinyxpath.sourceforge.net). TinyXPath is a small footprint
- XPath syntax decoder, written in C++.</li>
-<li> <b>TinyXML++</b> (http://code.google.com/p/ticpp/). TinyXML++ is a completely new
- interface to TinyXML that uses MANY of the C++ strengths. Templates,
- exceptions, and much better error handling.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<h2> Features </h2>
-
-<h3> Using STL </h3>
-
-TinyXML can be compiled to use or not use STL. When using STL, TinyXML
-uses the std::string class, and fully supports std::istream, std::ostream,
-operator<<, and operator>>. Many API methods have both 'const char*' and
-'const std::string&' forms.
-
-When STL support is compiled out, no STL files are included whatsoever. All
-the string classes are implemented by TinyXML itself. API methods
-all use the 'const char*' form for input.
-
-Use the compile time #define:
-
- TIXML_USE_STL
-
-to compile one version or the other. This can be passed by the compiler,
-or set as the first line of "tinyxml.h".
-
-Note: If compiling the test code in Linux, setting the environment
-variable TINYXML_USE_STL=YES/NO will control STL compilation. In the
-Windows project file, STL and non STL targets are provided. In your project,
-It's probably easiest to add the line "#define TIXML_USE_STL" as the first
-line of tinyxml.h.
-
-<h3> UTF-8 </h3>
-
-TinyXML supports UTF-8 allowing to manipulate XML files in any language. TinyXML
-also supports "legacy mode" - the encoding used before UTF-8 support and
-probably best described as "extended ascii".
-
-Normally, TinyXML will try to detect the correct encoding and use it. However,
-by setting the value of TIXML_DEFAULT_ENCODING in the header file, TinyXML
-can be forced to always use one encoding.
-
-TinyXML will assume Legacy Mode until one of the following occurs:
-<ol>
- <li> If the non-standard but common "UTF-8 lead bytes" (0xef 0xbb 0xbf)
- begin the file or data stream, TinyXML will read it as UTF-8. </li>
- <li> If the declaration tag is read, and it has an encoding="UTF-8", then
- TinyXML will read it as UTF-8. </li>
- <li> If the declaration tag is read, and it has no encoding specified, then TinyXML will
- read it as UTF-8. </li>
- <li> If the declaration tag is read, and it has an encoding="something else", then TinyXML
- will read it as Legacy Mode. In legacy mode, TinyXML will work as it did before. It's
- not clear what that mode does exactly, but old content should keep working.</li>
- <li> Until one of the above criteria is met, TinyXML runs in Legacy Mode.</li>
-</ol>
-
-What happens if the encoding is incorrectly set or detected? TinyXML will try
-to read and pass through text seen as improperly encoded. You may get some strange results or
-mangled characters. You may want to force TinyXML to the correct mode.
-
-You may force TinyXML to Legacy Mode by using LoadFile( TIXML_ENCODING_LEGACY ) or
-LoadFile( filename, TIXML_ENCODING_LEGACY ). You may force it to use legacy mode all
-the time by setting TIXML_DEFAULT_ENCODING = TIXML_ENCODING_LEGACY. Likewise, you may
-force it to TIXML_ENCODING_UTF8 with the same technique.
-
-For English users, using English XML, UTF-8 is the same as low-ASCII. You
-don't need to be aware of UTF-8 or change your code in any way. You can think
-of UTF-8 as a "superset" of ASCII.
-
-UTF-8 is not a double byte format - but it is a standard encoding of Unicode!
-TinyXML does not use or directly support wchar, TCHAR, or Microsoft's _UNICODE at this time.
-It is common to see the term "Unicode" improperly refer to UTF-16, a wide byte encoding
-of unicode. This is a source of confusion.
-
-For "high-ascii" languages - everything not English, pretty much - TinyXML can
-handle all languages, at the same time, as long as the XML is encoded
-in UTF-8. That can be a little tricky, older programs and operating systems
-tend to use the "default" or "traditional" code page. Many apps (and almost all
-modern ones) can output UTF-8, but older or stubborn (or just broken) ones
-still output text in the default code page.
-
-For example, Japanese systems traditionally use SHIFT-JIS encoding.
-Text encoded as SHIFT-JIS can not be read by TinyXML.
-A good text editor can import SHIFT-JIS and then save as UTF-8.
-
-The <a href="http://skew.org/xml/tutorial/">Skew.org link</a> does a great
-job covering the encoding issue.
-
-The test file "utf8test.xml" is an XML containing English, Spanish, Russian,
-and Simplified Chinese. (Hopefully they are translated correctly). The file
-"utf8test.gif" is a screen capture of the XML file, rendered in IE. Note that
-if you don't have the correct fonts (Simplified Chinese or Russian) on your
-system, you won't see output that matches the GIF file even if you can parse
-it correctly. Also note that (at least on my Windows machine) console output
-is in a Western code page, so that Print() or printf() cannot correctly display
-the file. This is not a bug in TinyXML - just an OS issue. No data is lost or
-destroyed by TinyXML. The console just doesn't render UTF-8.
-
-
-<h3> Entities </h3>
-TinyXML recognizes the pre-defined "character entities", meaning special
-characters. Namely:
-
-@verbatim
- &amp; &
- &lt; <
- &gt; >
- &quot; "
- &apos; '
-@endverbatim
-
-These are recognized when the XML document is read, and translated to there
-UTF-8 equivalents. For instance, text with the XML of:
-
-@verbatim
- Far &amp; Away
-@endverbatim
-
-will have the Value() of "Far & Away" when queried from the TiXmlText object,
-and will be written back to the XML stream/file as an ampersand. Older versions
-of TinyXML "preserved" character entities, but the newer versions will translate
-them into characters.
-
-Additionally, any character can be specified by its Unicode code point:
-The syntax "&#xA0;" or "&#160;" are both to the non-breaking space characher.
-
-<h3> Printing </h3>
-TinyXML can print output in several different ways that all have strengths and limitations.
-
-- Print( FILE* ). Output to a std-C stream, which includes all C files as well as stdout.
- - "Pretty prints", but you don't have control over printing options.
- - The output is streamed directly to the FILE object, so there is no memory overhead
- in the TinyXML code.
- - used by Print() and SaveFile()
-
-- operator<<. Output to a c++ stream.
- - Integrates with standart C++ iostreams.
- - Outputs in "network printing" mode without line breaks. Good for network transmission
- and moving XML between C++ objects, but hard for a human to read.
-
-- TiXmlPrinter. Output to a std::string or memory buffer.
- - API is less concise
- - Future printing options will be put here.
- - Printing may change slightly in future versions as it is refined and expanded.
-
-<h3> Streams </h3>
-With TIXML_USE_STL on TinyXML supports C++ streams (operator <<,>>) streams as well
-as C (FILE*) streams. There are some differences that you may need to be aware of.
-
-C style output:
- - based on FILE*
- - the Print() and SaveFile() methods
-
- Generates formatted output, with plenty of white space, intended to be as
- human-readable as possible. They are very fast, and tolerant of ill formed
- XML documents. For example, an XML document that contains 2 root elements
- and 2 declarations, will still print.
-
-C style input:
- - based on FILE*
- - the Parse() and LoadFile() methods
-
- A fast, tolerant read. Use whenever you don't need the C++ streams.
-
-C++ style output:
- - based on std::ostream
- - operator<<
-
- Generates condensed output, intended for network transmission rather than
- readability. Depending on your system's implementation of the ostream class,
- these may be somewhat slower. (Or may not.) Not tolerant of ill formed XML:
- a document should contain the correct one root element. Additional root level
- elements will not be streamed out.
-
-C++ style input:
- - based on std::istream
- - operator>>
-
- Reads XML from a stream, making it useful for network transmission. The tricky
- part is knowing when the XML document is complete, since there will almost
- certainly be other data in the stream. TinyXML will assume the XML data is
- complete after it reads the root element. Put another way, documents that
- are ill-constructed with more than one root element will not read correctly.
- Also note that operator>> is somewhat slower than Parse, due to both
- implementation of the STL and limitations of TinyXML.
-
-<h3> White space </h3>
-The world simply does not agree on whether white space should be kept, or condensed.
-For example, pretend the '_' is a space, and look at "Hello____world". HTML, and
-at least some XML parsers, will interpret this as "Hello_world". They condense white
-space. Some XML parsers do not, and will leave it as "Hello____world". (Remember
-to keep pretending the _ is a space.) Others suggest that __Hello___world__ should become
-Hello___world.
-
-It's an issue that hasn't been resolved to my satisfaction. TinyXML supports the
-first 2 approaches. Call TiXmlBase::SetCondenseWhiteSpace( bool ) to set the desired behavior.
-The default is to condense white space.
-
-If you change the default, you should call TiXmlBase::SetCondenseWhiteSpace( bool )
-before making any calls to Parse XML data, and I don't recommend changing it after
-it has been set.
-
-
-<h3> Handles </h3>
-
-Where browsing an XML document in a robust way, it is important to check
-for null returns from method calls. An error safe implementation can
-generate a lot of code like:
-
-@verbatim
-TiXmlElement* root = document.FirstChildElement( "Document" );
-if ( root )
-{
- TiXmlElement* element = root->FirstChildElement( "Element" );
- if ( element )
- {
- TiXmlElement* child = element->FirstChildElement( "Child" );
- if ( child )
- {
- TiXmlElement* child2 = child->NextSiblingElement( "Child" );
- if ( child2 )
- {
- // Finally do something useful.
-@endverbatim
-
-Handles have been introduced to clean this up. Using the TiXmlHandle class,
-the previous code reduces to:
-
-@verbatim
-TiXmlHandle docHandle( &document );
-TiXmlElement* child2 = docHandle.FirstChild( "Document" ).FirstChild( "Element" ).Child( "Child", 1 ).ToElement();
-if ( child2 )
-{
- // do something useful
-@endverbatim
-
-Which is much easier to deal with. See TiXmlHandle for more information.
-
-
-<h3> Row and Column tracking </h3>
-Being able to track nodes and attributes back to their origin location
-in source files can be very important for some applications. Additionally,
-knowing where parsing errors occured in the original source can be very
-time saving.
-
-TinyXML can tracks the row and column origin of all nodes and attributes
-in a text file. The TiXmlBase::Row() and TiXmlBase::Column() methods return
-the origin of the node in the source text. The correct tabs can be
-configured in TiXmlDocument::SetTabSize().
-
-
-<h2> Using and Installing </h2>
-
-To Compile and Run xmltest:
-
-A Linux Makefile and a Windows Visual C++ .dsw file is provided.
-Simply compile and run. It will write the file demotest.xml to your
-disk and generate output on the screen. It also tests walking the
-DOM by printing out the number of nodes found using different
-techniques.
-
-The Linux makefile is very generic and runs on many systems - it
-is currently tested on mingw and
-MacOSX. You do not need to run 'make depend'. The dependecies have been
-hard coded.
-
-<h3>Windows project file for VC6</h3>
-<ul>
-<li>tinyxml: tinyxml library, non-STL </li>
-<li>tinyxmlSTL: tinyxml library, STL </li>
-<li>tinyXmlTest: test app, non-STL </li>
-<li>tinyXmlTestSTL: test app, STL </li>
-</ul>
-
-<h3>Makefile</h3>
-At the top of the makefile you can set:
-
-PROFILE, DEBUG, and TINYXML_USE_STL. Details (such that they are) are in
-the makefile.
-
-In the tinyxml directory, type "make clean" then "make". The executable
-file 'xmltest' will be created.
-
-
-
-<h3>To Use in an Application:</h3>
-
-Add tinyxml.cpp, tinyxml.h, tinyxmlerror.cpp, tinyxmlparser.cpp, tinystr.cpp, and tinystr.h to your
-project or make file. That's it! It should compile on any reasonably
-compliant C++ system. You do not need to enable exceptions or
-RTTI for TinyXML.
-
-
-<h2> How TinyXML works. </h2>
-
-An example is probably the best way to go. Take:
-@verbatim
- <?xml version="1.0" standalone=no>
- <!-- Our to do list data -->
- <ToDo>
- <Item priority="1"> Go to the <bold>Toy store!</bold></Item>
- <Item priority="2"> Do bills</Item>
- </ToDo>
-@endverbatim
-
-Its not much of a To Do list, but it will do. To read this file
-(say "demo.xml") you would create a document, and parse it in:
-@verbatim
- TiXmlDocument doc( "demo.xml" );
- doc.LoadFile();
-@endverbatim
-
-And its ready to go. Now lets look at some lines and how they
-relate to the DOM.
-
-@verbatim
-<?xml version="1.0" standalone=no>
-@endverbatim
-
- The first line is a declaration, and gets turned into the
- TiXmlDeclaration class. It will be the first child of the
- document node.
-
- This is the only directive/special tag parsed by TinyXML.
- Generally directive tags are stored in TiXmlUnknown so the
- commands wont be lost when it is saved back to disk.
-
-@verbatim
-<!-- Our to do list data -->
-@endverbatim
-
- A comment. Will become a TiXmlComment object.
-
-@verbatim
-<ToDo>
-@endverbatim
-
- The "ToDo" tag defines a TiXmlElement object. This one does not have
- any attributes, but does contain 2 other elements.
-
-@verbatim
-<Item priority="1">
-@endverbatim
-
- Creates another TiXmlElement which is a child of the "ToDo" element.
- This element has 1 attribute, with the name "priority" and the value
- "1".
-
-@verbatim
-Go to the
-@endverbatim
-
- A TiXmlText. This is a leaf node and cannot contain other nodes.
- It is a child of the "Item" TiXmlElement.
-
-@verbatim
-<bold>
-@endverbatim
-
-
- Another TiXmlElement, this one a child of the "Item" element.
-
-Etc.
-
-Looking at the entire object tree, you end up with:
-@verbatim
-TiXmlDocument "demo.xml"
- TiXmlDeclaration "version='1.0'" "standalone=no"
- TiXmlComment " Our to do list data"
- TiXmlElement "ToDo"
- TiXmlElement "Item" Attribtutes: priority = 1
- TiXmlText "Go to the "
- TiXmlElement "bold"
- TiXmlText "Toy store!"
- TiXmlElement "Item" Attributes: priority=2
- TiXmlText "Do bills"
-@endverbatim
-
-<h2> Documentation </h2>
-
-The documentation is build with Doxygen, using the 'dox'
-configuration file.
-
-<h2> License </h2>
-
-TinyXML is released under the zlib license:
-
-This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
-warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any
-damages arising from the use of this software.
-
-Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
-purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and
-redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
-
-1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
-not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
-software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation
-would be appreciated but is not required.
-
-2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and
-must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
-
-3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
-distribution.
-
-<h2> References </h2>
-
-The World Wide Web Consortium is the definitive standard body for
-XML, and their web pages contain huge amounts of information.
-
-The definitive spec: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204/">
-http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204/</a>
-
-I also recommend "XML Pocket Reference" by Robert Eckstein and published by
-OReilly...the book that got the whole thing started.
-
-<h2> Contributors, Contacts, and a Brief History </h2>
-
-Thanks very much to everyone who sends suggestions, bugs, ideas, and
-encouragement. It all helps, and makes this project fun. A special thanks
-to the contributors on the web pages that keep it lively.
-
-So many people have sent in bugs and ideas, that rather than list here
-we try to give credit due in the "changes.txt" file.
-
-TinyXML was originally written by Lee Thomason. (Often the "I" still
-in the documentation.) Lee reviews changes and releases new versions,
-with the help of Yves Berquin, Andrew Ellerton, and the tinyXml community.
-
-We appreciate your suggestions, and would love to know if you
-use TinyXML. Hopefully you will enjoy it and find it useful.
-Please post questions, comments, file bugs, or contact us at:
-
-www.sourceforge.net/projects/tinyxml
-
-Lee Thomason, Yves Berquin, Andrew Ellerton
-*/
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